III.] 
THE IVORY GULL. 
119 
.and blubber. It consumes at tbe same time the excrements of 
the seal and the walrus, on which account from-three to five 
ivory gulls may often be seen sitting for a long time round a 
seal-hole, quiet and motionless, waiting patiently the arrival of 
the seal (Malmgren). 
The proper breeding places of this bird scarcely appear to be 
yet known. So common as it is both on the coasts of Spitz- 
bergen from the Seven Islands to South Cape and on the north 
B 
A 
RAKE KORTHERN GULLS. 
A. Sabine’s Gull.'(Larus Sabinii, Sabine.) b. Ross’s Guil. (Larus Rossii, Richards.) 
coast of Novaya Zemlya and America, its nest has only been 
found twice, once in 1853 by McClintock at Cape Krabbe 
in North America in 77° 25' N.L., the second time by Dr. 
Malmgren at Murchison Bay, in 82° 2' N.L. The two nests 
that Malmgren found consisted of depressions, twenty-three 
to twenty-six centimetres in diameter, in a heap of loose gravel, 
on a ledge of a steeply-sloping limestone-rock wall. In each 
