IX.] 
OLD ENCAMPMENTS. 
437 
siderable, if also of great scientific interest^ as coming from a 
region never before visited by any botanist. In the sea Dr. 
Kjellman dredged without success for algse. Of the higher 
animals we saw only a walrus and some few seals, but no land 
mammalia. Lemmings must however occasionally occur in 
incredible numbers, to judge by the holes and passages, ex¬ 
cavated by these animals, by which the ground is crossed in all 
directions. Of birds the phalarope was still the most common 
species, especially at sea, where in flocks of six or seven it swam 
incessantly backwards and forwards between the pieces of ice. 
No tents were met with in the neighbourhood of the vesseFs 
anchorage, but at many places along the beach there were seen 
SECTION OF A CHUKCH GBAVE.l 
(After a drawing by A. Stuxberg.) 
a. Layer of burned bones, mucli weathered. 5. Layer of turf and twigs. c. Stones. 
marks of old encampments, sooty rolled stones which had been 
used in the erection of the tents, broken household articles, and 
above all remains of the bones of the seal, reindeer, and walrus. 
At one place, a large number of walrus skulls lay in a ring, 
possibly remains from an entertainment following a large catch. 
Near the place where the tents had stood, at the mouth of a small 
1 Since we discovered the Chukclies also bury their dead by laying 
them out on the tundra^ we have begun to entertain doubts whether the 
collection of bones delineated here was actually a grave. Possibly these 
mounds were only the remains of. fireplaces, where the Chukches had used 
as fuel train-drenched bones, and which they had afterwards for some reason 
or other endeavoured to protect from the action of the atmosphere. 
