X.] 
THE WATER SUPPLY. 
481 
On many of the ground-ices in the neighbourhood of the 
vessel there were fresh-water collections of considerable depth, 
which indeed were already hard frozen on the surface, but long 
yielded us splendid water for drinking and washing. After the 
14th of December, when all the smaller fresh-water collections 
were almost frozen to the bottom, and salt-water had made its 
way into the largest ones and those on which we most depended, 
it became necessary to procure water by melting ice. 
The meteorological observations were made every fourth hour 
up to the 1st November; after that to the 1st April every hour; 
after that again six times in the twenty-four hours. From the 
27th November to the 1st April the thermometers were set up on 
COD FROM PITLEKAJ. 
Gadus navaga, Kbireuter. 
Half the natural size. 
land at the magnetical observatory; before and after that time 
in the immediate neighbourhood of the vessel. During winter 
the charge of the meteorological observations was intrusted to 
Dr. Stuxberg, who at tFat season, when all around us was 
covered with ice, was compelled to let his own zoological 
researches rest. 
The state of the weather of course had a very sensible in¬ 
fluence on our daily life, and formed the touchstone by which 
our equipment was tested. Space does not permit me to 
give in this work the detailed results of the meteorological 
observations. I shall therefore only state the following facts. 
