CHAPTER IV. 
The Origin of the names Yugor Schar and Kara Sea—Rules for Sailing 
through Yugor Schar—The “Highest Mountain” on Earth—An¬ 
chorages—Entering the Kara Sea—Its Surroundings—The Inland-ice 
of Novaya Zemlya—True Icebergs rare in certain parts of the Polar 
Sea—The Natural Conditions of the Kara Sea—Animals, Plants, Bog 
Ore—Passage across the Kara Sea—The Influence of the Ice on 
the Sea-bottom—Fresh-water Diatoms on Sea-ice—Arrival at Port 
Dickson—Animal Life there—Settlers and Settlements at the Mouth of 
the Yenisej—The Flora at Port Dickson—Evertebrates—Excursion to 
White Island—Yalmal—Previous Visits—Nummelin’s Wintering on the 
Briochov Islands. 
In crossing to Vaygats Island I met the Lma^ which then first 
steamed to the rendezvous that had been fixed upon. I gave 
the captain orders to anchor without delay, to coal from the 
Express, and to be prepared immediately after my return from 
the excursion to weigh anchor and start along wdth the other 
vessels. I came on board the Yega on the evening of the 31st 
July, much pleased and gratified with what I had seen and 
collected in the course of my excursion on Vaygats Island. 
The Lena, however, was not quite ready, and so the start was put 
off till the morning of the 1st August. All the vessels then 
weighed anchor, and sailed or steamed through Vaygats Sound 
or Yugor Schar into the Kara Sea. 
We do not meet with the name Yugor Schar in the oldest 
narratives of travel or on the oldest maps. But it is found in 
an account dating from 1611, of a Russian commercial route 
