CHAP. V.] THE FIRST DUTCH NORTH-EAST EXPEDITION. 
239 
is delineated and described in considerable detail in Linschoten’s 
work. 
On the July Nay and Tetgales sailed from Kildiiin for 
Vaygats Island. Three days afterwards they fell in with much 
drift-ice. On the IJth they arrived at Toxar, according to 
Linschoten’s map an island on the Timan coast, a little west of 
the entrance to Petchora. They there met with a Russian 
lodja whose captain stated that he believed, after hearsay, that 
the Vaygats Sound ^ was continually covered with ice, and that, 
when it was passed, men came to a sea which lay to the south 
of, and was warmer than, the Polar Sea. Some other Russians 
added, the following day, that it was quite possible to sail 
through Vaygats Sound, if the whales and walruses, that 
destroy all vessels that seek to pass through, did not form an 
obstacle; that the great number of rocks and reefs scarcely 
permitted the passage of a vessel; and finally, that the Grand 
Duke had ordered three vessels to attempt the passage, but 
that they had all been crushed by ice. 
On the July there came to Toxar hunters from the White 
Sea, who spoke another language than the Russians, and 
belonged to another race of men—they were evidently Finns or 
Karelians. A large number of whales were seen in the haven, 
which gave occasion to a remark by Linschoten that whale-fishing 
ought to be profitable there. After the ice had broken up, and 
crosses with inscriptions giving information of their movements 
had been erected on the shore, they sailed on. On the |st July 
they sighted Vaygats. They landed at a headland marked with 
two crosses, and there fell in with a native, clad in much the 
same way as a Kilduin Lapp, who soon took to flight. Other 
headlands marked with crosses were afterwards visited, and 
places where idols were found set up by hundreds. Linschoten 
^ That is Yugor Schar. This name also occurs, though in a somewliat 
altered form, as Wegorscoi tzar,” on Isaac Massa’s map of 1612, which, 
according to the statement of the publisher, is a copy of a Russian chart. 
