V.] 
THE AUSTRIAN EXPEDITION. 
267 
It is so well known tlirough numerous works recently published, 
and above all by Payer s spirited narrative, that I need not go 
into further detail regarding it. 
But if the North-east voyages proper thus almost entirely 
ceased during the long interval between Wood’s and Payer’s 
voyages, a large number of other journeys for the purpose of 
research and hunting were instead carried out during this 
period, through which we obtained the first knowledge founded 
on actual observations of the natural conditions of Novaya 
Zemlya and the Kara Sea. Of these voyages, mainly made by 
Kussians and Scandinavians, I shall give an account in the next 
chapter. It'was these that prepared the way for the success 
which we at last achieved. 
