VI.] 
LUTKE’S AND PACHTUSSOV’S VOYAGES. 
279 
Of much greater importance were Captain-lieutenant (after¬ 
wards Admiral Count) LCtke’s voyages to Novaya Zemlya in the 
summers of 1821,1822,1823, and 1824, voyages conducted with 
special skill and scientific insight. The narrative of them form 
one of the richest sources of our knowledge of this part of the 
Polar Sea. But as he did not penetrate in any direction farther 
than his predecessors, an account of these voyages does not enter 
into the plan of the historical part of this work. 
Among Eussian journeys the following may be noticed :— 
Those of the mate IVANOV in 1822-28, during which he 
surveyed the coast between the Kara river and the Petchora by 
overland travelling in Samoyed sleighs. 
Pachtussov’s voyages in 1832-35.^ W. Bkandt, merchant, 
and Klokov, chief of the civil service, at Archangel, sent out in* 
1832 an expedition with very comprehensive aims from that town, 
for the purpose of re-establishing the sea-route to the Yenisej, 
of surveying the east coast of Novaya Zemlya, and of walrus¬ 
hunting there. Three vessels were employed, viz., a “ carbasse ” 
manned by ten men, including the Commander-lieutenant in 
the corps of mates Pachtussov, who in previous voyages with 
Ivanov had become well acquainted with land and people along 
the coasts of the Polar Sea; ^ the schooner Yenisej under 
Lieutenat Krotov with ten men; and a hunting lodja com¬ 
manded by the hunting mate Gwosdarev. Pachtussov was to 
undertake the east coast of Novaya Zemlya, Krotov to sail 
through Matotschkin Sound and across the Kara Sea to the 
^ These remarkable voyages were described for the first time, after tlie 
accounts of Zivolka, by the academician K.E. v. Baer in Bulletin scienti- 
fique puU. par V Acad. Imp. des Sciences de St. Petersburg^ t. ii. No. 9, 10, 
11 (1837). Before this there does not appear to have been in St. Petersburg 
any knowledge of Pachtussov’s voyages, the most remarkable which the 
history of Russian Polar Sea exploration has to show. 
^ The carbasse was named, like the vessels of Lasarev and Liitke, the 
Novaya Zemlya. It was forty-two feet long, fourteen feet beam, and six 
feet deep, decked fore and aft, and with the open space between protected 
by canvas from breakers. 
