VI.] 
BARENTS’ RELICS. 
301 
exact reproduction of the interior of Barents’ house on Novaya 
Zemlya.^ 
After Carlsen, Barents’ winter haven was visited in the year 
1875 by the Norwegian walrus-bunter, M. Gundersen, who 
among other things found there a broken chest containing two 
maps and a Dutch translation of the narrative of Pet’s and 
Jackman’s voyages, and in the year 1876 by Mr. Charles 
Gardiner, who through more systematic excavations succeeded 
in collecting a considerable additional number of remarkable 
- things, among which were the ink-horn and the pens which the 
Polar travellers had used nearly three centuries ago, and a 
powder-horn, containing a short account, signed by Heemskerk 
and Barents, of the most important incidents of the expedition. 
Gundersen’s find is still, as far as I know, at Hammerfest; 
Gardiner’s has been handed over to the Dutch Government to 
be preserved along with the other Barents relics at the Hague. 
In 1872 the state of the ice both north of Spitzbergen and 
round Novaya Zemlya was exceedingly unfavourable,^ and several 
of the scientific expeditions and hunting vessels, which that 
year visited the Arctic Ocean, there underwent severe calamities 
and misfortunes. Five of the best hunting vessels from 
Tromsoe were lost in the ice; the Swedish expedition, which 
that year started for the north, could not, as was intended, erect 
its winter dwelling on the Seven Islands, but was compelled to 
winter at the more southerly Mussel Bay; and the Austrian 
expedition under the leadership of Payer and Weyprecht was 
beset by ice a few hours after its campaign had commenced in 
^ Cf. The Three Voyages of William Barents^ by Gerrit de Veer, 2nd 
Edition, with an Introduction by Lieutenant Koolemans Beynen. London, 
1876 (Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, No. 54). 
2 The sea in the neighbourhood of Spitzbergen on the east was on the 
other hand very open that year, so that it was possible for the same time 
to reach and circumnavigate the large island situated to the east of Spitz¬ 
bergen, which had been seen in 1864 by Duner and me from the top of 
White Mount in the interior of Stor Fjord. 
