98 
THE VOYAGE OF THE VEGA. 
[chap. 
the smallest was laid on the sledge, the others being fastened 
one behind the other in a long row. After the last was drawn 
a long pole, which was used in setting the net. 
The dress of the Chukches is made of reindeer or seal-skin. 
The former, because it is warmer, is preferred as material for 
the winter dress. The men in winter are clad in two pesks; 
that which is worn next the body is of thin skin with the hair 
inwards, the outer is of thick skin with the hair outwards. 
Besides, they wear, when it rains or wet snow falls, a great coat 
of gut or of cotton cloth, which they call calico. On one oc¬ 
casion I saw such an overcoat made of a kind of reindeer- 
chamois leather, which was of excellent quality and evidently 
of home manufacture. It had been originally white, but was or¬ 
namented with broad brown painted borders. Some red and blue 
woollen shirts which we gave them were also worn above the 
skin clothes, and by their showy colours awakened great satisfac¬ 
tion in the owners. The Chukch is shorter than the Lapp 
one. It does not reach quite to the knees, and is confined at 
the waist with a belt. Under the pcsh are worn two pairs of 
trousers, the inner pair with the hair inwards, and the outer with 
the hair outwards. The trousers are well made, close fitting, and 
terminate above the foot. The foot-covering consists of reindeer 
or seal-skin moccassins, which above the foot are fastened to 
the trousers in the way common among the Lapps. The soles 
are of walrus-skin or bear-skin, and have the hair side inwards. 
On the other parts of the moccassin the hair is outwards. Within 
the shoes are seal-skin stockings and hay. The head covering 
consists of a hood embroidered with beads, over which in severe 
cold is drawn an outer hood bordered with dog-skin. The outer 
hood is often quite close under the chin, and extends in a very 
well-fitting way over the shoulders. To a complete dress there 
also belong a skin neckerchief or boa, and a neck covering of 
multiple reindeer-skins, or of different kinds of skins sewn 
together in chess-board-like squares. , In summer and far into 
