XIV.] THE POPULATION OF NORTH-EASTEKN ASIA. 
221 
Chukches, some of them old acquaintances, who during winter 
had been guests on hoard the Vega. “ Ankali ” said they, with 
evident contempt, are first met with farther beyond St. Lawrence 
Bay. When we anchored next day at the mouth of this bay 
we were immediately, as usual, visited by a large number of 
natives, and ourselves visited their tents on land. ^ They still 
talked Chukch with a limited mixture of foreign words, lived 
in tents of a construction differing somewhat from the Chukches’, 
and appeared to have a somewhat different cast of countenance. 
They themselves would not allow that there was any national 
difference between them and the old warrior and conqueror 
tribe on the north coast, hut stated that the race about 
which we inquired were settled immediately to the south. 
Some days after we anchored in Konyam Bay (64° 49' N.L., 
172° 53' W.L. from Greenwich). We found there only pure 
reindeer-owning Chukches; there was no coast population 
living by hunting and fishing. On the other hand, the 
inhabitants near our anchorage off St. Lawrence Island 
consisted of Eskimo and Namollo. It thus appears as if 
a great part of the Eskimo who inhabit the Asiatic side 
of Behring’s Straits, had during recent times lost their own 
nationality and become fused with the Chukches. For it is 
certain that no violent expulsion has recently taken place 
here. It ought besides to he remarked that the name Onkilon 
which Wrangel heard given to the old coast population driven 
out by the Chukches is evidently nearly allied to the word 
Ankali, with which the reindeer-Chukch at present distin¬ 
guishes the coast-Chukch, also that, in the oldest Russian 
accounts of Schestakov’s and Paulutski’s campaigns in these 
regions, there never is any mention of two different tribes 
living here. It is indeed mentioned in these accounts that 
among the slain Chukches there were found some men with 
perforated lips, hut probably these were Eskimo from the 
other side of Behring’s Straits, previously taken prisoners by 
