48 Cheney and True—Flora of Madison and Vicinity. 
The vegetation of the region under consideration varies some¬ 
what with elevation and character of soil. The woods, confined 
chiefly to the uplands, are made up largely of the oaks, with 
occasional limited areas characterized by maples, cottonwood or 
the white elm. The conifers are barely represented by Larix 
Americana , Juniperus Virginiana and Picea nigra. Generally 
speaking, the low marshy meadow bordering on the lakes and 
.streams yields chiefly grasses and sedges. 
The greater number of the flowering plants and ferns enu¬ 
merated are quite generally distributed throughout the region, 
■but there are some exceptions worthy of mention. Of the six¬ 
teen Orchids listed, but three, Orchis spectabilis , Habenaria 
bracteata and Cypripedium pubescem, may be regarded-as having 
a general distribution; the others occur in very limited areas 
only. Larix Americana occurs in a swamp near Windsor, in a 
similar place east of Lake Waubesa and at Hook Lake; Mitella 
nuda and Trientalis Americana in the swamps near Windsor 
just mentioned. So far as has been observed, Ophioglossum vul- 
gatum grows in a single locality, a little sandy knoll near the 
outlet of Lake Wingra. Several introduced species, such as 
Balsola Kali , Camelina sativa , Barbarea vulgaris , Arenaria ser- 
pyllifolia and Veronica arvensis , are found only along railroads 
and near towns. Of Platanus occidentalism but a single small spec¬ 
imen was found. This stands at the water’s edge on the west shore 
of Lake Kegonsa midway between the northern and the southern 
extremities. Of Gymnocladus Canadensis , two small trees are 
growing in the woods near the lake shore east of Winnequah. 
Most noteworthy of all exceptions is that furnished by Hook 
Lake. This small sheet of water occupies a basin in the “kettle 
range” in the southern part of the county and has no outlet. In 
the lake is a floating bog of several acres extent, and also a high 
wooded island. On the bog are a few scattered spruces {Picea 
nigra) and a dense undergrowth of Vaccinium corymbosum. On 
the margin of the lake Vaccinium Pennsylvanicum , V. corym - 
bosum , Pyrus arbutifolia , var. melanocarpa , Spircea tomentosa 
and Betula papyrifera were collected. 
Another peat bog of a somewhat similar character of smaller 
area is found in the most southeast section of the town of Madi- 
