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Wisconsin Academy of Sciences , Arts and Letters. 
tribution. On making this review we find in the first rank the odoriferous 
glands. These function either as means of defense or as aphrodisiacs, or 
probably in many species as both. The great importance of copulation and 
protection from enemies readily explains why the odoriferous glands should 
play soprepollent a role in the lives of Arthropods and even higher animals. 
I will give a brief though by no means exhaustive list of forms possessing 
odoriferous glands, for the sake of showing the wide distribution of these 
organs among the different groups of air-breathing Arthropods and the 
variety of their structure and secretions. 
According to Marx [’86] the Pedipalp Thelyphonus emits a secretion 
which smells like acetic acid. The Myriopod Fontaria gracilis secretes 
from its series of repugnatory glands a fluid which contains free hydro¬ 
cyanic acid [Claus, ’8?]. I have frequently seen our common Julus [Spirobo- 
lus ] marginatus, when irritated emit from its repugnatory glands a brown 
liquid with a pungent odor not unlike bromine, though this element very 
probably does not enter into its chemical composition. 
Among the Orthoptera numerous cases might be adduced. Minchin [’88] 
lately discovered in Feriplaneta orientalis a new gland, which “ consists of 
two pouch-like invaginations lying close on each side of the middle line, 
between the fifth and sixth terga of the dorsal surface of the abdomen.” 
These pouches “ are lined by a continuation of the chitinous cuticle, which 
forms within the pouches numerous stiff, branched, finely pointed hairs, 
beneath which, i. e., on the side towards the body cavity, are numerous 
glandular epithelial cells.” Minchin's supposition that these organs are 
odoriforous glands has been proved to be correct by Haase [’89J. “ Drueckt 
man naemlicli das Abdomen einer Kueclienschabe derart, dass die Leibes- 
hoehlenfluessigkeit nach hinten gedraengt wird, so treten zwischen dem 
5 und 6. ITinterleibessegment vor den harten Eueckenplatten des letzteren 
zwei kleine, durch das eindringende Blut gelblich durclisclieinende Saeck- 
chen hervor und verbreiten sofort ganz intensiv den bekannten Schaben- 
gestank. Dass dieser seine Quelle in den beiden Stinkdruesen hat, wird 
durch vorsichtige Ausloesung der letzteren leicht nachgewiesen.” Similar 
eversible stink-glands have been observed in the Blattid Corydia by Gers- 
taecker [’61] and Haase [*89]. 
An American Phasmid, Anisomorpha buprestoides, has well developed 
repugnatory glands, which have been alluded to by Say (’59, Yol. I, 
p. 84) and other writers. I quote from Maynard ('89) who has published 
the latest account: “ The devil’s horses, as they are called by the negroes, 
were in pairs, the females being evidently about to deposit their eggs. I 
usually found them lying quietly in a fold of the saw-palmetto, with the 
legs close to the body and the antennae together and pointing straight for¬ 
ward while the comparatively diminutive male, which is never more than 
a third as large as the female lay close beside his mate, always clinging to 
her whenever she moved and was thus carried by her. Both were very 
sluggish, not moving until actually touched, then the female raised herself 
