The First Abdominal Segment of Embryo Insects. 139 
Fig. 11. Longitudinal sections through a pleuropodium of an embryo 
Mantis Carolina before revolution; ecd , ectoderm; ms, meso¬ 
derm; x, point where the ectoderm is comparatively thin; p, 
one of the thoracic appendages; ap, pleuropodium. 
Fig. 12. Cross section through one of the pleuropodia of an embryo 
Xiphidium ensiferum during revolution; sr, serosa; as, am- 
niotic secretion; ct, chitinous cuticle; ap, pleuropodium; cv, 
cavity; p, one of the thoracic appendages; ecd, ectoderm; ms, 
mesoderm. 
Fig. 13. Section through the base of one of the pleuropodia of Xiphidium 
ensiferum just before hatching; ap, pleuropodium; pd, pedun¬ 
cle, inserted in a pit of the hypodermis ecd, which has secreted 
its second cuticle, ct; s, granular secretion. 
Fig. 14. Cross section through the same pleuropodium; s, granular secre¬ 
tion; cv, cavity. 
Fig. 15. Cross section through the coilophore of Anurida maritima [adult]; 
ct, cuticle; hy, large nucleus of the hypodermis; pg, hypoder¬ 
mic pigment; ct, delicate cuticle covering the glandular part 
of the organ; s, granular secretion; gl, gland cells; ms, retrac¬ 
tor muscles of the glandular hypodermis; cn, connective 
tissue; st, sternum; hi, blood. 
Fig. 16. Surface view of the collophoral (first abdominal) segment of the 
adult Anurida maritima. p 3 , metathoracic legs; ah, first ab¬ 
dominal segment; c, coilophore. 
PLATE 8. 
Kg. 17. Half of a transverse section through the first abdominal segment 
of the embryo Zaitha fluminea during revolution, ap, pleuro¬ 
podium; s, penicillate secretion; ecd, ectoderm; ent, ento¬ 
derm; vt, yolk; vp, vitellophag; cn, connective tissue; ms, 
muscle; ad, corpus adiposum; cb, cardioblast; gl, ganglion of 
the first abdominal segment. 
Kg. 18. Three cells from a pleuropodium of Zaitha fluminea enlarged. 
x, granular and widened inner ends of cells; h, hyaline and 
attenuated outer ends of cells; s, threads of secretion. Zeiss, 
homog. immers. ^ Oc. II. 
Kg. 19. Longitudinal section of a pleuropodium of the embryo Cicada 
septemdeoim during revolution, ap, pleuropodium; s, secretion; 
