Correlation of Moraines with Beaches. 
237 
II. THE LEIPSIC OR SECOND BEACH AND ITS CORRELATIVE MORAINE. 
(a) The Leipsic or Second Beach .— This beach was traced from the 
Blanchard river, near Ottawa, eastward to its eastern terminus near 
Cleveland. Its course is not known west from the meridian of Ottawa, 
but it is probably the correlative of Mr. Gilbert’s “ Second Beach ” that 
passes through Bryan and Hicksville, Ohio, since it has about the same 
altitude as that beach, and since no other beach that could be a correla¬ 
tive has been found. 
In the portion already traced the course of the beach is winding, fol¬ 
lowing pretty closely a contour line 195 to 200 feet above the lake, though 
for a portion of its course, lying between the villages of Van Buren and 
Bellevue, it has an altitude about 210 feet above the lake. 
From the Blanchard river, at a point about three miles above Ottawa, 
it passes northwestward along the outer face of the Blanchard moraine 
for a distance of 9 to 10 miles. Here it crosses the moraine and passes 
south of east along its inner face for a few miles. It then leaves the 
moraine to the south and takes a course north of east, through McComb 
and Van Buren, to Fostoria. From Fostoria it bears south of east 
through Bascom to the Sandusky river at Tiffin, then northeast to 
Bellevue, southeast to the Huron river, near Pontiac, northeast again 
nearly to Elyria, then south a few miles to Black river, after which it 
takes nearly a direct course toward its eastern terminus near Cleveland. 
The bays at Sandusky, Huron and Black rivers, were not formed by the 
cutting back of the shore of the lake, for a restoration of the original 
slope on which the shore was carved, shows that the lake nowhere cut 
back its shore a mile, and usually but a few rods. The general appear¬ 
ance of this beach is much like that of the Van Vert, though it is on the 
whole somewhat stronger, its wave cut benches standing often 6 to 8 feet, 
and occasionally 15 to 20 feet, above the inner border plain. Its gravels 
like those of the Van Wert beach contain many pebbles which are but 
slightly rounded, and there are many places where bowlders are im¬ 
bedded in the beach deposits. The only fossils discovered are the horns 
of elk and deer which were obtained in a railway gravel pit three miles 
east of Ottawa, from undisturbed gravel at a depth of 7 to 9 feet from the 
surface. All the evidence collected favors the view that the shore 
throughout a large portion of the year was protected by ice from the 
action of the waves. 
As previously stated the Leipsic beach has its terminus near Cleve¬ 
land. The beach here connects with the western end of a moraine. 
Between Rockport and Linndale the beach swings from a course north 
of east, to a southerly course, and is there made up of a series of ridges 
of nearly uniform height, which are united at the curving portion of the 
ridge, but diverge into distinct ridges toward the southeast, so that their 
ends are spread out over a space of nearly one-half mile. The outer 
