Correlation of Moraines with Beaches . 
239 
at Newburg to 1,050 feet at Randall (only six miles distant), and ranges 
up and down 200 to 250 feet in eastern Cuyahoga and Geauga counties in 
crossing ridges and valleys, its highest points being about 1,250 feet A. T. 
The thickness of drift as shown by its relief above border districts is 
only twenty to thirty feet, but spread out as it is over a width of one to 
two miles, it represents an accumulation^ least 100 times that of the 
correlative beach. The moraine is composed principally of till, though . 
in places it has gravelly knolls (kames). Pockets of gravel and sand oc¬ 
cur in the till, and beds of assorted material are occasionally interstrati- 
fied with it. In short, the moraine in its topography, range in altitude, 
bulk and constitution, is so different from the beach that the two forma¬ 
tions cannot be confused, and yet there seems to be no question that 
the moraine of the eastern Erie basin has, in the western Erie basin, a 
beach for its correlative. 
III. THE BELMORE BEACH AND ITS CORRELATIVE MORAINE. 
Between the Leipsic beach and the present shore of Lake Erie, there 
are several beaches. One of these, the Belmore beach, terminates near 
Cleveland, the others continue eastward into southwestern New York, 
and do not concern us in the present discussion. From its eastern ter¬ 
minus westward to the meridian of Belmore and Leipsic, the Belmore 
beach lies only one to three miles and in places, as at Berlin Heights, 
only a few rods north of the Leipsic beach. Westward from this 
meridian the courses of the two beaches are quite divergent, the Leipsic 
bearing south of west, while the Belmore bears northwestward crossing 
the Maumee river near Defiance, from which stream it bears east of 
north into Michigan. The general altitude of the Belmore beach within 
the state of Ohio is 160 to 170 feet above Lake Erie. It lies, therefore, 
too low to open southwestward, as do the earlier beaches, through the 
Ft. Wayne outlet. 
In size and general appearance this beach differs but little from the 
Leipsic, but is on the whole more sandy. 
The ridge phase of the Belmore beach apparently exists no further 
east than the Cuyahoga river but it is thought that the lower of the two 
terraces in the eastern part of Cleveland was occupied by the lake at the 
time this beach was forming. The absence of a beach, in the eastern 
Erie basin, which could be considered a correlative of the Belmore 
beach, has been determined by Mr. Gilbert, we therefore are led to in¬ 
quire whether a moraine occurs there as a correlative of the beach. 
The innermost moraine formed on the southern borders of the Lake 
Erie basin, is distinctly traceable from the eastern end of the lake, west¬ 
ward to Euclid, Ohio, a village situated about ten miles east from the 
mouth of the Cuyahoga. The gap between the western end of the 
moraine and the eastern end of the ridge phase of the Belmore beach, is, 
therefore, about ten miles, but between the moraine and the Cleveland 
