Inscriptions on the Monuments of the Achcem'enides. 249 
again against Artavardiya to engage in battle; there (is) a mountain 
Paraga by name — here they engaged in battle; Auramazda gave me aid; 
by the grace of Auramazda my army smote that army of Vahyazdata 
utterly; on the 6th day of the month Garmapada then it was thus the 
battle (was) fought by them and they seized that Vahyazdata and what 
men were his foremost allies they seized. 
8. Says Darius the king afterwards — there (is) a town in Persia 
Uvadaidaya byname* — here, that Vahyazdata and what men were his 
foremost allies, them I put on a cross. 
9. Says Darius the king this Vahyazdata who called himself Bardiya 
he sent forth an army to Harauvatis — there (was) Vivana by name, a 
Persian, my subject, satrap in Harauvatis — against him (he sent an 
army) and one man he made chief of them; thus he said to them: go, 
smite that Vivana and that army which calls itself of Darius the king 
afterwards this army, which Vahyazdata sent forth, went against Vivana, 
to engage in battle; there (is) a stronghold Kapishakanis by name — 
here they engaged in battle; Auramazda bore me aid; by the grace of 
Auramazda my army smote that rebellious army utterly; on the 13th 
day of the month Anamaka then it was thus the battle (was) fought by 
them. 
10. Says Darius the king again the rebellious ones having come to¬ 
gether went against Vivana to engage in battle; there (is) a region 
Ga(n)dutava byname—here they engaged in battle; Auramazda bore 
me aid; by the grace of Auramazda my army smote that rebellious army 
utterly; on the 8th day of the month Viyakhna then it was thus the bat¬ 
tle (was) fought by them. 
11. Says Darius the king afterwards this man, who was chief of that 
army which Vahyazdata sent against Vivana, this chief with faithful ? 
horseman went away— there (is) a stronghold Arshada by name in Harau¬ 
vatis— he went beyond thence; afterwards Vivana, with an army on 
foot went (against) them; here he seized him and what men were his 
foremost allies he slew. 
12. Says Darius the king afterwards the province became mine; this 
is what was done by me at Harauvatis. 
13. Says Darius the king when I was in Persia and Media a second 
time the Babylonians became estranged from me; one man, Arakha by 
name, an Armenian son of Han(?)dita,j* he rose up in Babylon; there (is) 
* The reader has noticed the constant use of paratax. Instead of bringing the words of 
the sentence into syntax independent constructions are employed. In no other language is 
this loose arrangement (which we must feel was original to speech) shown to better ad¬ 
vantage than in the old Persian inscriptions. 
t The N in Handita as well as the N in Dubana conjecture has supplied. The combina¬ 
tion of wedges in the cuneiform text resembles no other characters on the stone and per¬ 
haps is the sign for L which otherwise would be wanting in the Old Persian alphabet. I 
however feel that it is simply a careless writing of the nasal. 
