Mr. J. Wolley, jun., on the Breeding of the Crane in Lapland. 191 
been injured, we kept for some days in the tents; but after a 
time it disappeared, having probably hopped off in the night. 
Many of the Arabs are very skilful in catching birds; Larks 
(Alauda). Owls (Athene and Scops), Rollers (Coracias), and now 
and then a Little Bustard ( Otis tetrax ) were brought to us. I 
am not aware that they employ other means than the burnous 
in effecting their object. This they hold extended with both 
hands, when, after having kicked their shoes off, that they may 
tread more quietly, they endeavour to envelope bird, nest, and 
eggs in the universal garment. The cry of the Scops-eared 
Owl is admirably expressed by the Arabic name “ Marouf” 
[To be continued.] 
XX. — On the Breeding of the Crane (Grus cinerea) in Lapland. 
By John Wolley, jun. 
In common with, I believe, most people interested in such 
matters, I was long entirely in ignorance as to the condition in 
which the young Crane (Grus cinerea ) would be found on first 
leaving the egg, whether helpless like a young heron, or able to 
run about like the young of most waders and of gallinaceous 
birds. The late Prince Charles Bonaparte had inclined to think 
they would long continue nestlings; Mr. Gould, as he assured 
me, had always opposed the probability of this opinion. 
It was on the 15th June, 1853, that I entered the marsh 
which the well-known Pastor Lsestadius had told me was the 
most northern limit in Lapland of the breeding of the Crane. 
It is in Swedish territory, being on the west side of the frontier 
river, opposite the Finnish (Russian) village of Yli Muonioniska, 
in about lat. 68°, that is, some distance within the Arctic Circle. 
This great marsh, called “ Iso uoma,” is mostly composed of 
soft bog, in which, unless where the Bog-bean grows, one 
generally sinks up to the knees, or even to the middle; but it 
is intersected by long strips of firmer bog-earth, slightly raised 
above the general level, and bearing creeping shrubs, principally 
of sallow and dwarf birch, mixed in places with Ledum palustre , 
Vaccinium uliginosum , Andromeda polifolia, Rubus chamcemorus , 
besides grasses, carices, mosses, and other plants. There were 
