6? 
SEMI.Tnorro CA r U'ORXI. I. 
le 
SUB-IRRIGATION. 
r >REPERABLY the main pipe is laid 
through tlio center of tract, if larger 
than five ocn?R, so that the distributing 
ipcs (or laterals) will bo nearly the same 
ength. 
It is best to have tint little pressure (2 to 
S feet), ns the water may hr farced lo the 
surface, but this is cosily managed, no 
matter how high the fnuiilrtltl may be 
above the tract to be irrigated 
The sizn of distributing pipe depends 
somewhat on the length of the I'uw of trees; 
but it is not desirable to have u large pipe 
as it contains too much water to be drained 
off through the lonc»l outlets, giving too 
nuuh water to the lower trees Ordinarily 
we use a pipe of two inch caliber. 
Frequently (owing to the conformation 
of the ground) one line of pine will fill 
before nut/ water readmit the other line or 
lines in a section (a H-nlioi, is any number 
of rows supplied by one hydrant);of course 
it is carrying water to the t rees along that 
line, not only while the other pipes are to 
their respective rows, but afU*r they have 
ceased to do so. In such case it is only 
e. 
kv 
H 
The surfa<-e of the ground is ml t ays dry 
fin summer), hence, exempt from the un¬ 
avoidable c/o/f of surface irrigation. 
The soil ii nevtrexer sively wetri'i./ ni 
not bn!-, but remains moi*l, loo**, and at 
a nearly uniform temperature, promoting 
a long-continued -vuminer's growth. 
Anything which the soil la* k« as plant- 
food (manure, lima, etc.) can t» easily, 
directly, and economically applied in liquid 
form; the pest of the vineyard— phyloxers 
—can thus be easily reached. 
Sty..3. 
Ciit. 1 Hltnw* inwltlni) of hydrant u sri- Tho pliio-yslTB 
' l"ln* closfd. wnlvr ri«.« in II In le»rl of w*ter lu U. -or 
v,l| i". upon raising V, vrab>r l*k™, fllrectloo of irrowi, . 
In* into li, " 
spli t* frwn l(i«-r<o|r 
• V. 1 , 1, " l “ i’T'i MBpiftim «■—...... 
/l-’ll.lrllollr,, I'll'** tool sill ml .. f.,.H mini, |1„ , , lr f n-. 
M the urounrf, >ud m frwl rrun » »r h rv.w r f tm « <-t 
* "»«> mU\«*f IjMwKTI III.' f .iww f 
IJiihri, * pk» .* uf Jill*'. «-a All .N% II 111 hn limi * ii v . 
Ilr«n« lor «.k*l » shown In I'lg >. /. f r „„, 
V. A-f .iMfi^.i'otui t»ttrt*>u A «n<l |l ... H.M It. it,, « 
pipo, neither can mud get in while thi’ 
pipes are draining. 
If through carelessness muddy water is 
let into the pipe and sediment collects, 
one or more of the lower plugs can ho 
(alien out, and the water passed rapidly 
through tho pipes will ho cleaned; though 
the water, being in motion, tends at. all 
Him# to keep the pipe ch ar. 
All tho work may be made of concrete, 
except tho vidvo V, and is iudestruotihle, 
growing harder by ago, 
Tho pipe is made continuously with a 
recently patented machine which 
oml lay# it in the trench, following all tlu< 
undulations and curves. 
Three rain will easily lay 1200 foot of 
two-inch pipe in ten hours, 
This system and machines used arc fully 
protected by U. S. puteuK 
Dm pipe machine makes Mm cheapest 
id licet tile draiu known, Nothing ran 
Tut. X. Sb.i.i rafltmao* t’L.Irl-. itlnf Pipe B. E»rth 
Oo*l let |r,h .-«llt»r wtlr.— |. , r. • ■*-r-li* c « Inrbx 
sbovc rnrf*r» f KTnuitl. f. prei n e«rlh Ir m fillis* on 
pl'.B P 111,1 pin* p. vr.fr I * . -.,* B 11 «< -|. thr. ,.;h 
the hole (O, tin I) In P,«r,d fUlJ It ou **> B .wfa.n* %-f 1 ’ 
mn.Ii ,.f c, uid U Uktu Into (Be » 11 kju. 
an 
"cce-sry to partly doso the holes through 
the plugs in tlm lowest line, so that the* 
will deliver about Mm same quantity of 
water ns those in the higher lines in the 
same time. 
The hole through I' should not be 
large enough to let the w ater escape f„te. 
than the sod will absorb it, otherwise it 
will ns.* in 0 to the surface. 
If Mm hole in I* is made too large, 
it.Mu l a wooden wedge to check the How. 
Ah I’ elands about two innlu . uhovc 1! 
niel is protected by ( against being,ov’ 
en d with earth, loots run net got into the 
- ., I f .j |i 1 I ■ I ■ 
compare with it in uheapiiUHM and durability. 
Wo hold that in a region where no rain 
foil>* during the long, hot summer, tho 
only propei way tc. tnignle orcluirds. vim 
yards, efr , is to apply water hdoirUm mt 
J>u. »J thr ijioilhri, looping the hu i fan* ilry 
Tim Asbestine System consist* in con- 
dni’ling the Will. I ill mneretp pipe-, laid 
below II n il of the plow, along rae)| low 
of trees, At each tree plugs arc set in the 
I||ip>. sell of pip, Kaflji plug hn. 
through it a small Iml,, through which n.,,1 
noii'hmi »!#••, Min water esciipdis, falling on 
Mie ou/sii/c of pipe ami in taken into tie- 
soil by i i),i 1 Ini v attract em. 
II saves from thien fourihs to nine tenths 
the water u«ed in uiufuee irrigation. 
It in under perfect control, and can be 
applied wherever inigulmn is needed 
I Imre is no lid I •>( sunimei oultivalion. 
eilher bofurv or after irrigating. 
Via. f S' •»» e '.urr r- - II.*- J B. l\ p. u,.i o.. !r .„ 
Ihr.Ii.ltol a a* si'WM'liii "'rfi - i t,.*nJ T!.» r.,M 
C I« . lsr'*n>-4 P*r. - *.f WO ,p M «... ,„-ui Is ,H.* , |i„ 
«. B»V1»* l‘ir..i:.t, H . 44, I, w»ler 
Ths mw.r, fnr rok".. [I ». I. i|,*t . .1 , 1 -u. «> ,, .. , 
lilt,* ill" In,Is with II W.I., ,« r„ 4,1, r ,,..1 
»UI U<rt. I.J .. . „,„a .*1 n . l.wt II 
No gi-sding U nesessary, ns the system 
work- perfectly on hill *ide> „nd iin.lu- 
latiug land. 
Hoots , ,iii not Oft into the pipe, m ith- r 
can it took mu,I ~ difficulti«^ never over* 
OO""’ by any Other «y stent of nut. irn .ation. 
i Aonutixa 8i:u-in<uo«noii Co., 
1^-s Angeles, C»|. 
l.vr.uB Ai run - Very often we ham 
-miUn of the rapid growth of alfalfa m 
this scclioU, ami now we hmo a -ja iiiiCli 
in mu ortiee that »e cHallscge M.y cottliln 
to beat. It is one ymr's growth, nud 
lima»uri-« iirarlv ten ft . t m len.rtb M w,.s 
! glow 11 HU Mi* farm of Mr John CieveimT, 
in (4,,-pel *w amp, nnd without m ration 
Wt have known of , „l.vre alfalfa h is 
been cut for lot. ,*, mam is . c .», ,, tm,. .. 
•luring otic tear, but n»x< > l M .for« have we 
1 »«eu a bunch that was allows*! to .-row bu 
twelve months without eutiing. The* is 
aunthrr C\I elleid U-»t of t|,. pi- du-ti*. 
lies* of tlm U* pd ..Mump country '' in’ t 
I Ana ?U.s, 
