4 
Indian Forest Records. 
[Vol. VII 
(2) A cylindrically shaped vessel (Thitsi-laik port), about 9 inches 
high and about 6 inches in diameter, made of closely-woven 
bamboo strips ( hni-laung) for holding the Oleo-resin. The 
upper portion of the vessel is narrowed down to form a neck 
about 4 inches in diameter, and is sometimes provided with 
a fairly close-fitting cover of tin or woven bamboo. The 
vessel is rendered absolutely proof against leakage by being 
given several successive coats of Thitsi (the Burmese name 
for the Oleo-resin). 
(3) A small straining basket (sit hkan ), about 3 inches both in height 
and width, made of thin strips of bamboo loosely woven, 
with meshes of about J of an inch in diameter. This is 
placed in the neck of the Thitsi-laik pon so that its upper 
edge lies practically flush with the top of the former. It 
is held in this position by a bamboo pin about a quarter of 
r,n inch in diameter passing through it and the top of the 
neck of the Thitsi-laik pon from end to end. 
(4) A Zunkaw —a flat piece of iron, about 5 inches long and § of an 
inch wide, the edge of which is bent so as to form a scraper. 
This instrument is used to scrape the Oleo-resin out of the 
bamboo tubes. It is sometimes provided with a bamboo 
handle about 3 inches long and about an inch in diameter. 
Any Thitsi which adheres to the Zunkaw is scraped on to 
the bamboo pin over the sit hkan and gradually drops into 
the latter. 
(5) Hkayaung- —Bamboo tubes to receive the Oleo-resin from the 
tree. These are generally from 5 to 7 inches long and 1| 
to 2 inches in diameter with slanting mouth and sharpened 
edges to enable them easily to be driven into the bark at 
the apex of the triangular-shaped notches made. They are 
usually obtained from Kyathaung (Bambusa polymorpha), 
Thanat (Thyrsostachys Oliveri), Wapyu (Dendrocalamus 
membranaceus) or Padoma (Oxytenanthera albo-ciliata). 
The fnajority of tappers prefer Kyathaung (Bambusa poly¬ 
morpha). Tin (Oephalostachyum pergracile) is never used 
owing to the dense tomentum which lines the inner walls 
of the culm. 
(6) A Hlega or ladder, as a rule from 18 to 20 feet in length. 
Two forms of portable ladders are used. In the Lawksawk 
State the ordinary type consisting of two parallel bamboo 
(usually Myin —Dendrocalamus strictus) supports held 
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