18 
Indian Forest Records. 
[Vol. VII. 
and fifth generations, pupation normally takes place in the hollowed 
shoots. The larva constructs a loose cocoon of white silk strands 
firmly attached to the bark or sides of the mined shoot. The cocoon 
is sufficiently open in texture to reveal the outline of the pupating larva 
or pupa within. The empty pupal shell remains within the cocoon 
when the moth emerges. 
Dehiscence and Emergence. The process of pupal dehiscence com¬ 
mences by a separation at the suture between the antennal scape and 
the dorsal head piece. The split extends until it reaches the line of 
the median dorsal suture of the thorax ; a palpitation of the thorax 
assists in the opening of the median suture, and reveals the dorsum 
and a portion of the wings. The first forward thrust of the moth w ithin 
the pupal case tears away the dorsal head piece from the anterior margin 
of the prothorax, and with the second movement the whole front (dorsal 
and ventral head pieces) is pushed forward by the emerging moth of 
which the eyes, head, and antennal bases become visible. Two or three 
additional movements given mainly by the legs serve to extrude the 
whole body from the pupal case. The time taken from the first split¬ 
ting to the emergence of the moth is about 30 seconds. 
After about 20 seconds the wings begin to distend appreciably and 
are fully expanded at the end of another 45 seconds. The moth then 
lowers the upraised wings on the back and crawls forward a short 
distance to rest. The total period elapsing from the commencement 
of dehiscence to the completion of wing development is about 2 minutes. 
(N. C. C. teste). 
2. Imaginal habits. 
The imago of the toon fruit and shoot borer is an inconspicuous 
moth of retiring habits and is rarely met with in the field. Throughout 
the work in the toon avenues of the Dehra Dun district no moths were 
captured during the day, except a few recently emerged individuals 
found on the shoots from which they had escaped, and none was taken 
at light* or in traps. Moths liberated in the large out-door cages 
attached to the insectary, however, made little attempts to conceal 
themselves, but came to rest openly on the wire gauze walls of the cage. 
The resting attitude of the moth is shown in fig. 16, Plate IV. They 
were not observed to feed although supplied with sweetened liquids 
and toon flowers, or to display any activity except occasional vibration 
of the wings in the early morning and late evening. 
* Mr. 0. Lindgren, Turzum, Nagn Spur, Darjeeling informs me that he has taken 
this moth at light in May, June and the earlv part of July. 
[ 3 63 ] 
