Part VIII] Smythies : Afforestation of Ravine Lands 
29 
officer. Experience at every work opened always showed a plethora 
of old and feeble men and women, and young children, who could do 
nothing but clod breaking. As employment has to be provided for 
all who come to works (under the Code, only lepers and lunatics may 
be refused), a comparatively large number of bandhs had to be laid 
out, as bandhing work absorbs more clod breakers than any other. 
7. An idea of the scale of wage paid will be of interest to Forest 
officers, unaccustomed to labour conditions 
where villages turn out en masse to work, 
in order to live. 
The wage scale is controlled by the price of the common food grain. 
In Etawah in 1919, the following wages were generally paid for a full 
day’s work :— 
Scale of wages. 
Class of labour. 
Daily wages. 
Remarks. 
B men and women .... 
Rs. A. P. 
0 2 6 
Wage basis—price of grain 
C (old and feeble) adults 
0 2 3 
= 6J seers. 
D children (10—14) .... 
0 1 ' 3 
G children (7 —10) .... 
0 1 0 
Infants-in-arms ..... 
0 0 3 
SECTION II.—Checking and control. 
8. The accounts procedure is given very fully in chapter XIX 
. of the Famine Code. But a brief summarv 
Accounts. „ . J 
oi the mam outlines as far as they concern 
the D. F. 0. and his Range officers will possibly prove of assistance, 
as the procedure is very different to ordinary Forest Accounts. The 
system is based on a permanent fixed advance. Everyone has an 
advance of varying value, e.cj., a works manager has an advance equal 
to three days’ expenditure (Rs. 100 to Rs. 300)*, received from his 
Range officer. 
The Range officer has an advance equal to 10 days’ expenditure 
(Rs. 2,000 to 4,000). He keeps some in cash and advances some to his 
works managers, who draw on him for more when their allotment is 
spent. 
The Divisional Forest Officer has a fairly large advance (Rs. 12,000) 
which he distributes to his Range officers and a little to his famine 
Head clerk. 
* The figures of advance show the amounts givon out in the Etawah 1919 famine, 
to give some idea of their magnitude. 
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