Mr. R. Swinhoe on Formosan Ornithology. 201 
islands from the Dutch, who had previously expelled the Tartar 
governor and established themselves in a fort, which still remains. 
Leaving 100 vessels of his fleet to guard these new possessions, 
he continued his voyage with the remainder. He arrived off 
Fort Zelandia, which was defended by only eleven Hollanders, 
assisted by numerous Javan troops and aborigines. There 
were also four Dutch vessels anchored off the fort. Koksinga’s 
fleet mustered 900 sail; but the Dutch defended themselves so 
gallantly with their guns, of which the Chinese had none, that 
the latter could make no impression. Koksinga at last hit upon 
a plan which succeeded. He set fire to some of his junks, and 
set them adrift among the Dutch vessels, thereby burning them. 
He then demanded the surrender of the fortress, and permitted 
the Dutch to sail away in the remaining vessel. Such is the 
Chinese account of the expulsion of the Dutch from Formosa; 
but the old Dutch records represent the event as attended with 
considerable butchery and cruelty. The conqueror sent some 
of his fleet up the coast to garrison the fortresses at Tamsuy 
and Kelung, and established his court at Fort Zelandia. He 
did not, however, live long to enjoy his newly-acquired territory, 
for death snatched him away after a reign of one year and nine 
months. Upon this the island fell to his son, who, in the 
twelfth year of Kanghe (a.d. 1673),crossed over with a fleet to the 
assistance of the King of Fokien against the Tartars, but, on the 
Fokien King claiming to himself a higher rank, took offence and 
declared war against him. He defeated the King of Fokien, 
who abandoned his territories to the Tartars; and he then re¬ 
turned to Formosa, where he soon after died. He was succeeded 
by his son, a boy of tender years, under the regency of two 
ministers, his particular friends. The Tartars abolished the 
kingship at Fokien, and appointed a viceroy, in the 21st year of 
Kanghe (a.d. 1682). The first viceroy, Yao, offered an amnesty 
to the Formosan colonists if they would shave their heads, in 
submission to the Tartar rule; and their young monarch was 
requested to visit the Emperor at Peking (the court of the 
Mantchoos, the Emperors of the previous Ming dynasty having- 
held theirs at Nanking). The young king, on the advice of his 
regents, acceded to the request, and, on his arrival at court, 
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