273 
Mr. It. Swinhoe on Formosan Ornithology. 
and legs in most, if not all, the species of this genus are of the 
same perishable colours. 
Length about 7 T 3 ^ in.; wing usually about 4 in. (out of eight 
specimens the longest wing measures 4^, the shortest ; tail 
2Ap of 12 feathers, nearly of equal length. 
Adult: irides deep brown; general plumage sepia-brown, 
blacker on the head and under parts, and tinged with yellowish 
brown on the back and rump. The Japanese Dipper is said, 
in the ‘ Fauna Japonica/ to have the 2nd primary quill nearly 
equalling the 3rd, which is the longest of all. In all ours the 
2nd is JL shorter than the 3rd, and the 3rd and 4th are equal 
in length, the 5th being a little shorter. If this is a sufficient 
character, perhaps ours is a distinct species, as by isolation it 
should ere this have become, it being a resident on the island, 
and not migratory. When I first discovered the bird, on my 
second visit to Formosa in 1857,1 described it as probably new, 
under the term >Hydrobata marila. It may be found, on compa¬ 
rison with the true Cincluspallasi, Temm., to be distinct enough 
to require a name of its own. 
This bird must nest early, for in April fully-moulted young 
of the year were already abroad. In this stage the irides are 
lighter, the inside and angle of mouth light yellow, the bill 
flesh-brown, and the legs purplish flesh-colour with a slaty wash. 
The upper parts are deeper brown than in the adults, being ob¬ 
scurely spotted on the back and rump with a lighter reddish 
brown; these spots are more distinct on the upper tail-coverts, 
which are entirely tinged with reddish; most of the feathers of 
the upper parts are margined with black. Feathers of the wings 
edged and tipped with light sepia and whitish, the ground-colour 
being much blacker than in adult wings. Throat whitish, finely 
striated with sepia. The rest of the under parts deep blackish 
sepia, the feathers on the breast and flanks being margined with 
light reddish brown, on the axillaries and belly with whitish. 
I have taken this description of the immature bird from two 
specimens in my collection, procured in N.W. Formosa in April. 
This bird is usually met with on the mountains some 2000 or 
more feet above the sea, frequenting the sides of solitary cas¬ 
cades, which abound in the hilly parts. There, like the rest of 
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