OF ASH IN FOREST TREES. 
313 
4. Beech 
wood (Fagus sylvestris ). 
Sap wood. 
Heart wood. Wood,of twigs. 
Bark of twigs 
Water 
- 
40-45 
37-40 
35*61 
Dry 
- 
59-55 
62*50 
64*39 
Ash 
- 
0-85 
0-26 0*47 
5*53 
The percentage of charcoal in beech wood amounts to 17-16. Deducting 0*85 for in¬ 
organic matter, it leaves 16 ’94 from which all volatile matter has been expelled by ignition 
in a close vessel. 
5. Iron-wood (Ostrya 
virginica ). 
Sap wood. 
Heart wood 
Wood ol' twigs. 
Bark of twigs. 
Water - 
30-00 
36-96 
21*45 
23-83 
Dry ... 
65-00 
63*04 
78*55 
76*17 
Ash ... 
0-196 
0*301 
0-64 
9*321 
Organic matter 
64*805 
62*739 
77-91 
69-07 
Calculated dry 
0-300 
0*475 
0-815 
9-321 
l-wood, when ignited in 
a close vessel, 
gives 16 
21 per centum of char 
matter free from volatile substances 
as pure charcoal. 
deducting 0-30 for inorganic matter, it leaves 15 91 
Seasoned wood of the Ostrya virginica, or Iron-wood. 
~ 
Heart wood. 
Sap wood. 
Bark. 
Water 
- 
- 
14*80 
19-06 
14*30 
Dry 
- 
- 
85*20 
SO *94 
85-70 
Ash 
- 
- 
0*40 
0-28 
8-06 
Organic matter 
- 
- 
84-80 
8*0-66 
77*64 
Calculated dry 
- 
- 
0-467 
0*344 
9*406 
The Iron-wood is one of the instances in which the percentage of ash is greater in the 
heart wood than in the sap wood. The tree, as is well known, grows slowly, and never 
attains a large size ; and the one from which the wood was taken for experiment, was 
about eight inches in diameter. The seasoned wood was from a small tree about the same 
size as the preceding, but was one hundred years old. 
6. Broad-leaved Laurel (Kalmia latifolia). 
Wood of the trunk. 
Wood of the root. 
Bark of trunk. 
Leaves. 
W ater 
- 
- 
- 
30*30 
36-30 
18*73 
49-19 
Dry 
- 
- 
- 
70-00 
63*70 
81*27 
50*81 
Ash 
- 
- 
- 
0-22 
o-io 
0-70 
1*46 
The percentage of charcoal of this very compact wood amounts to only 7’30; and de¬ 
ducting the inorganic matter, 6*60 is pure charcoal. 
[Agriculture Report — Vol. ii.] 40 
