OBSERVATIONS ON SOILS 
31 
JULY, 1848. 
OBSERVATIONS ON SOIJ.S. 
OBSERVATIONS 
ON TREES. 
WEATHER. 
DAY OF MONT 
4 inc. below 
o 
£ 
3 
<ZJ 
9 inc. below 
surface. 
2 feet below 
O 
O 
rt 
G 
3 
4 feet below 
surface. 
Horse 
Chestnut. 
Black 
Walnut. 
Air. 
Direction of 
Wind. 
Force of 
Wind. 
Degree of 
cloudiness. 
Inches rain. 
8 
a.m 
3 
p.m 
8 
a.m 
3 
p.m 
8 
a.m 
3 1 8 
p.m a. m 
3 
p.m 
8 I 3 
a. mjp.m 
8 
a. m 
3 
p.m 
6 
a.m 
8 
a.m 
3 
p.m 
9 1 8 
p.m a.m 
3 
p.m 
a.m 
p.m 
Mean 
a.m 
p.m 
Mean 
11 
70 
74 
70 
71 
67f 
67f 
62f 
624 
71 
71 
70 
71 
71 
76 
78 
68 
S 
N 
2 
2 
2 
2 
3 
24 
0.38 
2 1 
68 
73 
69 
70 
674 
674 
62f 
624 
66 
67 
65 
67 
60 
76 
80 
72 
S 
S 
1 
3 
2 
1 
2 
14 
3 
69 
68 
69 
69 
67 
67 f 
63 
624 
69 
69 
70 
69 
60 
69 
65 
65 
s 
S 
2 
2 
2 
6 
7 
64 
6.72 
4 
66 
70 
67 
68 
67 
66 
62f 
63 
64 
66 
63 
65 
62 
65 
72 
64 
w 
w 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
2 
5 
66 
72 
67 
69 
65 
65 
63 
63 
64 
67 
62f 
67 
60 
66 
78 
66 
w 
w 
1 
2 
If 
0 
1 
If 
6 
66 
70 
67 
67 
65 
65 f 
624 
624 
65 
65 
63 
65 
58 
60 
74 
65 
NW 
N 
1 
1 
1 
1 
2 
If 
7 
66 
67 
68 
66 f 
65 
64 f 
62f 
62f 
65 
65 
63 
65 
60 
62 
71 
63 
N 
NE 
1 
2 
14 
2 
4 
3' 
8 
64 
70 
65 
68 
64 
64' 
62' 
62' 
63 
65 
63 
65 
58 
63 
75 
67 
SE 
E 
2 
2 
2' 
2 
2 
2 
9 
65 
66 
66 f 
66 
64 
64 
62 
62 
64f 
65 
63 
65 
62 
61 
75 
67 
E 
S 
2 
2 
2 
6 
4 
5 
6.27 
10 
66 
70 
66 f 
67 
64 
64 
62 
62 
65 
66 4 
65 
67 
64 
65 
81 
72 
N 
NE 
1 
2 
If 
5 
3 
4 
11 
68 
74 
68 
71 
64 f 
64 f 
62f 
63 
69 
70 
69 
71 
70 
70 
89 
77 
S 
S 
1 
3 
2" 
4 
1 
2f 
12 
70 
75 
69 
71 
66 
66 
62 
62f 
71 
71 
71 
71 
73 
74 
86 
78 
E 
S 
1 
2 
If 
4 
1 
2f 
13 
72 
71 
71 
72 
66f 
67 
62 
624 
73 
71 
72 
71 
75 
76 
75 
68 
S 
s 
2 
1 
If 
4 
6 
5 
i .82 
14 
70 
74 
70 
70 
67 
67 
63 
63 
69 
70 
69 
69? 
65 
71 
84 
77 
N 
w 
1 
2 
If 
1 
1 
1 
15 
70 
73 
69 
70f 
67 
67 
63 
63 
69 
69 
68 
68 
66 
72 
78 
69 
W 
w 
2 
3 
24 
1 
1 
1 
Sm m. 69.43 
68.9 
65.8 
62.52 
67.5 
67.11 
69.82 
1.77 
2.7 3.19 
16 
67 
68 
68 
68 
67 
67 
63 f 
63 f 
654 
66 f 
65 
65 
63 
65 
71 
61 
N 
w 
3 
3 
3 
2 
4 
3 
17 
58 
68 
18 
65 
63 
68 
69 
62 
85 
73 
S 
s 
2 
1 
. . . 
19 
72 
69 
65 
65f 
62 4 
63 
68 
71 
67 
71 
65 
73 
84 
77 
S 
s 
2 
1 
if 
i 
1 
i 
20 
67 
74 
67 
69 
66 
66 
63 
63 
71 
72 
70 
71 
70 
76 
88 
78 
w 
s 
1 
2 
14 
l 
1 
1 
6 .i6 
21 
69 
73 
70 
70 
67 
67 
63 
>63 
71 
71 
70f 
71 
72 
77 
88 
80 
s 
s 
1 
2 
If 
i 
1 
1 
22 
71 
74 
71 
71 
674 
67 
63 
63 
73 f 
73 
73 
73 
73 
81 
86 
73 
s 
s 
3 
4 
3f 
2 
3 
24 
23 
68f 
71 
68 f 
68 
674 
674 
64 
64 
71 
71 
71 
70 
68 
70 
80 
72 
N 
N 
1 
1 
1 
5 
2 
34 
1.35 
24 
68' 
72 
68 
68 
67f 
674 
64 
64 
70 
694 
70f 
69 
68 
72 
82 
73 
w 
N 
2 
2 
2 
4 
3 
3f 
25 
67f 
70 
68 
68 
674 
67f 
64 
64 
70 
70' 
69 
69 
69 
70 
79 
75 
s 
w 
2 
T 
If 
4 
5 
44 
- T - * 
26 
68' 
72 
68 
68 
67f 
67 f 
64 
64 
71f 
72 
70 
70 
70 
74 
86 
76 
w 
NE 
1 
i 
1 
1 
2 
If 
.... 
27 
71 
73 
69 
70 
68 
68 
64 
64 
74 
74 
73 
73 
76 
79 
87 
73 
s 
S 
4 
5 
44 
2 
2 
2 
0.67 
28 
67 
69 
68 
68 f 
684 
68 f 
64 
64 
71 
71 
69 
69 
67 
69 
83 
70 
w 
w 
1 
2 
If 
2 
2 
2 
29 
65 
69 
66 
68 
68 
68 
64 
64f 
69 
704 
67 
68 
65 
69 
80 
71 
N 
s 
1 
1 
1* 
3 
3 
3 
. . . . 
30 
66 
69 
66 f 
68 
68 
67f 
64 
64 
69 
71 
66 
69 
63 
72 
82 
73 
NE 
SE 
1 
2 
U 
1 
1 
1 
31 
65 
67 
66 
66 
67f 
67 f 
64 
64 
69f 
70 
69f 
70 
66 
66 
74 
67 
s 
S 
2 
5 
3f 
5 
2 
3f 
2.58 
S.m.m 69.23 
68.25 
67.3 
63.18 
70-59 
69.52 
73.85 
2.04 
2.36 4.73 
M.me. 69.33 68.57 66.55 .63.1 69.04 68.31 
71.83 
1.91 
2.53 
Observations— 1. Thunder shower 12 to 2 p. m. 3. Rain 7 a. m. to 3 p. m. 6 . Chimaphila unbellata and Py- 
rola secunda in flower. 8. Grasshoppers increase rapidly. Slight shower 6 to 9 a. m. Rain 3 p. m. and during 
night. 10. The Black Walnut continues to send out new and vigorous shoots, § of the top is now covered with 
thrifty dense foliage. 12. Rain early a. m. 0.04; thunder storm 1 to 4 p. m. 1.50; thunder storm 7 to 9 p. m. 0.28. 
14. The potato rot has made its appearance in several parts of the country since the last rains. The Newburyport 
Herald mentions that there is a slight touch of it in that vicinity, and on Long Island. It has a!so appeared in 
Montgomery and Bucks in Pennsylvania. It has not yet made its appearance around Albany. 16. Symphyluna offi¬ 
cinale and Lilium canadense in flower. Circium arvense, Asclepias syriaca and Sambucus canadensis flowering. 20. 
Rain 5 to 6 p. m. 22. Heavy shower 4 to 6 p. m. Tem. rain 70°. Rained from 10 p. m. on the 22d till 8 a. m. 23d. 
24. Slight shower during night. 27. Heavy thunder shower 5 to 7 p. m. 28. The Black Walnut continues to grow 
vigorously. 30. Rain 5 a. m. to 3 p. m. Occasional showers from 3 p. m. till dark. Wind shifted to the north at 9 
p. m. force 5 with rain, which continued till 11 p. m. at a rapid rate. 
Winds .—North 5 days, East If, South 12, West 7, Northeast 2, Southeast If, Southwest f, Northwest f. 
Weather. —Clearfday, more or less cloudy the rest of the time. Warmest day 21st. Coldest day 7th. Highest 
temperature of air 88°. Lowest 58°. 
