50 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
PLATE 26. 
Varieties of Maize, Early Tuscarora Corn. For description, see text under the head of Corn or 
or Maize. 
PLATES 27, 28, 29. 
Varieties of Wheat. For description, see the text. 
PLATE 48. 
Landreth's Early Pea. This pea, as its name implies, is early, and is valuable, inasmuch as it is 
equal in goodness to the Marrowfat. The pod shows that it bears well. 
PLATE 49. 
Fig. 1. Orange Carrot , showing the structure of its root by a tranverse section. 
Fig. 2. a, longitudinal section of the Beet ; b, transverse section. The yellowish white band 
communicates with the double row of fibres upon the outside. 
PLATE 54. 
Black Tantain Oat. 
PLATE 57. 
Two varieties of Barley. Fig. 3. Barley brand. Fig. 4. Spores of the barley brand, or smut, 
greatly magnified. 
Plates illustrating the mean monthly ranges of temperature, and the semi-monthly mean for 
the year, have been compiled from registers kept at Albany for the year 1848. The register was 
kept by Mr. J. Salisbury. For a part of the year, a register has also been kept by Nathan 
Salisbury, Esq. of Scott, Cortland county. These observations I have tabulated also, and they 
appear on the plate of the same month with the Albany observations. In 1844, I kept a register 
of the temperature of the soil and air. The entire series of observations agree in the indications 
of the range of temperature for the periods at which they were made. Scott is about 1200 feet 
above Albany; Hoosic-falls, about 450-500. 
The object in constructing these tables, was to present to the eye the facts which are so obscure 
to most minds when given merely in figures. Observations at Rensselaerville, Albany county, 
made by my friend Mr. H. A. Gallup, and also by Mr. Bannister of Cazenovia, agree very 
nearly with those made at Scott. These places differ only a few feet in height. 
The inspection of these plates will convey a clear conception of the changes of temperature in 
this section of the State. This fact, however, would have appeared in a stronger light had I 
constructed them from the extremes of observed temperature for the day. 
The earth, at the depth of four feet, it will be seen, presents for some months a uniform range, 
but little change occurring for many days in succession. The difference between two feet and 
four feet is quite remarkable, amounting to two or three degrees. It is interesting to observe 
how the ranges of temperature represented by the lines cut the arches formed by the air line at 
different periods of the year. 
It may be proper to observe, in explanation of these plates, that on the left margin the degrees 
are placed, and the day of the month upon the upper. If it is wished to know what the mean 
temperature was for any day of any given month, it is found at the junction of the horizontal and 
perpendicular lines : the line of temperature touches at each intersection. 
