CHAPTER IX 
VARIETIES OF THE APPLE. 
I. SUMMER APPLES. 
SYNOPSIS OF THE VARIETIES. 
Class I. Fruit mostly red or carmine ; or yellow, with red, carmine, or reddish brown stripes. 
Order I. Height and breadth equal or subequal. 
A. Ends equal or subequal. 
Tetopsky ? 
B. Ends unequal. 
IAmerican Summer Pearmain*. Ends subequal. Fruit medium size. 
Early Red Margaret. Ends quite unequal. Below the medium size- 
tSops of Wine. Ends subequal. Below the medium size. 
William’s Favorite. Fruit medium size, unsymmetrical. 
IRed Calville. Ends quite unequal. Medium size. Crown ridged. 
ILongville’s Kernel. Ends subequal. Medium size. 
* The fruits marked thus f ripen late in summer, and early in autumn; or if autumnal fruits, they ripen late in 
autumn, and continue into early winter. The season in which they first ripen determines the general division in 
which they are placed. Variations of this kind form some of the difficulties which attend an orderly arrangement of 
fruits. 
In order to fix upon a uniform mode for determining the equality of the ends, and of the height and breadth, I 
propose to draw three lines as in figures 1 and 2 (see next page) : the first, a line through the apple from side to 
side, touching the point of junction of the stem with the flesh; the second, through the crown, touching the apex 
of the calyx; and the third at right angles to the two already described, which determines the height of the fruit. 
The same varieties of fruit preserve a great uniformity between their proportional lines, as appears from the figures 
just referred to. Fig. 1 is the outline of a Newtown Pippin, grown in New-Jersey ; and fig. 2, the outline of the 
game kind of pippin, raised in Western New-York. The stem of the Jersey apple is longer, but the lines represent¬ 
ing the proportions of the ends are quite equal. These lines should always be measured with the rule, as the eye is 
liable to be deceived, particulary in elongated apples, such as the Bellefleur and Black Gilliflower; the height ap- 
pearing to be much greater than the breadth, whereas in fact they are about equal. 
