332 
ON THE MILK OF THE COW. 
during the summer, and hence they do not compare so well as if made in the winter. The 
specific gravity of the milk of the Ayrshire cow was 1029. It contained, 
Water,. 87-19 
Dry matter, . 12-81 
Butter,. 3-70 
Casein,. 4-16 
Sugar,. 4-35 
Ash,. 0-59 
The milk, as I have already remarked, was furnished me by Mr. Taintor, who also gave a 
brief account of the state and condition of his animal, in the subjoined letter. The milk was 
sent by express, in a bottle, filled nearly to the cork, and was received in good condition. It 
was agitated slightly, its specific gravity taken, and sixteen ounces weighed out for butter, 
which was allowed to stand thirty-six hours, when the cream was removed. Its specific 
gravity I found to be 1031 • 1. It was composed as follows : 
Water,... 84*73 
Dry matter,. 16-27 
Butter,. 8-07 
Casein,. 5-02 
Sugar,.... . 3-05 
Ash,. 0-79 
The result is worthy of notice, in each particular, viz : the specific gravity is high ; there is 
less water, and the proportion of dry matter is large and the quantity of butter remarkably 
great, while the casein is also above the standard of other cows. 
The butter was obtained by ether, in the first instance, and afterwards by churning. The 
cream was thick, yellow and rich. It was churned at the temperature of 68° Fall. In the 
process it thickened so much that I diluted it with skimmed milk, to give it movement. The 
butter, by my mode of proceeding, came in eight minutes from the time I commenced ; but I 
was obliged to lose about three minutes in the operation, and hence it may be set down at five 
minutes. The butter, on its first appearance, was in hard lumps, and free from grains, and of 
a rich yellow, and comparatively dry and free from casein and butter-milk. One pound of 
milk gave 706 "79 grains of butter, equivalent to 9-33 per cent. This result appears greater 
than that obtained by ether : there should, however, be deducted a small quantity of water and 
casein ; but its condition was that of the best of table butter—it can not be exceeded in fineness. 
Mr. Taintor’s Letter , giving some account of his importation of the Alderney or Jersey Cows. 
Dear Sir : 
On my return home, I found your favor of the 4th instant: I cheerfully comply with your re. 
quest, and send you by express a bottle of Alderney milk. My Alderney cows had a very 
Note. My process for churning was, in each instance given, to shake it in a wide-mouthed, vial or bottle, closely 
corked. 
