30 Owen—Meaning and Function of Thought-Connectives. 
should understand that “ X succeeded in spite of not striving. ” 
To assure this understanding, the connective “ though, ” is sent 
to the end of the sentence, giving in full the unequivocal form 
“ He did not strive. He succeeded though. ” In this shape the 
meaning of the last sentence is plainly that " he succeeded in 
spite of his not striving. ” 
The position of “ though ” is a marked exception to the gen¬ 
eral habit of connectives. That it has been occasioned by the co¬ 
existent prepositional function of the same word, is further 
suggested by the German usage of its etymological equivalent 
“ doch. ” This word is not embarrassed by co-existent prep¬ 
ositional function. It, accordingly, may take the usual place 
at the sentence-head; e. g. " Er hat nicht gearbeitet. Doch ist 
es ihm gelungen. ” 
It may be added that, so far as the fully expressed thoughts are 
concerned, it is also in the case of “ though ” from the last to 
the first that the thought-transit is taken. In this aspect of 
the case, the relation may be called, as usual, reverse. It com- 
bines as usual with the reinstated first thought to form an ad¬ 
junct of the second, this adjunct being put as adverb of the 
verb. 
“Yet” and “still ” do not seem to require comment. 
(c) Neutral , unqualified , employing the connectives also, be¬ 
sides, TOO, MOREOVER, FURTHER, FURTHERMORE, AGAIN. 
For example, “ He is young. Also he is rich. ” As total 
thought-value of these sentences we obtain “ He is young. In 
addition (neither concordant nor discordant) thereto he is rich. ” 
In the expression of this value there falls to “ also ” the duty 
of reinstating the preceding thought and that of naming the re¬ 
lation between it and the following thought. The relation is, as 
usual, reverse. The relation and the reinstated thought form 
together an adjunct of the last thought, being put as adverb 
with its verb. 
“ Also ” is further sometimes used as an idea-connective, 
falling as such without the field in discussion. 
For example: “ It is remarkable how long he contrives to re¬ 
main young. He is also rich,” i. e. “rich in addition to young. ” 
Bemaining thought-elements are not reinstated. 
