20 Owen—Meaning and Function of Thought- Connectives. 
other words, the prepositional phrase is an adjunct. This ad¬ 
junct is in the present case used as an adjective. Such an ad¬ 
junct in other cases may be used like an adverb; e. g. “ He 
sank with great rapidity. ” Accompaniment (figuratively put 
for characterization) by rapidity is treated as an adverbial ad¬ 
junct of “ sank. ” 
It should further be noted that, in the above examples, the 
relation named by the preposition is obtained by thinking from 
the first-mentioned term to the last. Thus, in the phrase “ the 
book on the table ” the speaker plainly obtained the relation by 
what may be called a thought-transit from the “ book ” to the 
“ table. ” For, if he had thought from the table fco the book, 
he would have developed the relation named by “ under. ” For the 
relation expressed by “ on ” I have chosen, as above noted, the 
name of proverse or forward, giving to that expressed by “ un¬ 
der ” the name of reverse or backward. And it should also be 
observed that between any two terms either relation may be de¬ 
veloped; for it is obviously possible to make the thought-tran¬ 
sit from either one to the other. 
It should further be noted that the order of ideas in thinking 
is not necessarily that of the words employed to express them. 
For instance, using an order allowed in poetry, “ The earth 
above the sky is blue. ” Now there is no earth above the sky. 
Accordingly it must be that, in spite of the order of words, 
the order of ideas is that expressible by “ the sky above the 
earth.” So far as observed, such violations of order in the 
prepositional phrase are quite rare. It may then, within the 
bounds of safety, be said that the preposition usually names 
a relation obtained by a thought-transit from its first-named 
term to its last-named term. 
With thought-connectives the opposite is the case. Given 
again the example: “He invited me. Therefore I came. ” “ His 
invitation ” is the first-mentioned term. “ My coming ” is the 
last-mentioned term. “ Therefore ” contains a relation between 
the two. This relation is not developed by a thought-transit 
from the invitation to the coming. Were such the case, the 
developed relation would be named by “ toward ” or an expres¬ 
sion of causation, e. g. “ His invitation was toward my com- 
