168 Urdahl—The Present Fee System in the United States. 
cially marked during the years since the war, is to vary the 
license charge according to the character of the goods sold. 
Thus we find a large number of states in which lightning-rod 
agents are supposed to require special regulation 1 and are 
charged heavy licenses. Other states find it necessary to dis¬ 
courage the peddling of watches and jewelry. 2 Another class 
which is charged heavy fees, includes venders of patent med¬ 
icines. One state charges a certain sum per month, another so 
much per day. 3 Sewing-machine and insurance agents are 
sometimes recognized in the same way. 4 In short, the attempt 
seems to be quite general to collect heavier fees for licenses to 
peddle those goods which are most likely to be employed for 
frauds by swindlers or sharpers. 
D. SHOWS. 
License regulations for traveling circuses have increased 
greatly in importance, and although prescribed and executed at 
present by a great many states directly, still in many others the 
whole matter has been transferred either to the counties or to 
the municipalities. 5 In some states the movement has just be¬ 
gun, in that the state still receives a state fee for its license to 
a company to exhibit within the state, and the municipalities 
are given power to collect another fixed fee for each perform¬ 
ance within their respective limits. 6 
Another system gives the circus managers the option of ob¬ 
taining a license from the state authorities for the whole state, 
or a license for only one county or city; in other words, grading 
the licenses according to the population of each portion of 
1 Statutes , Ky., 1894, c.6. Patent agents and lightning-rod peddlers 
charged twice the regular license fee. 
2 Vermont, 1886, Rev. Stat., par. 955. Delaware charges peddlers of 
clocks $50 in addition to regular license charge. Iowa, 24 Gen. Stat., 83, 
par. 3. 
3 Wisconsin, 1883, p. 165, $100 per month. 
4 Florida, $200 per annum. 
5 Shows to be licensed by two judges of the court of common pleas. Fee 
from $10 to $200 per day. Public Laws, N. J., 1895, p. 37. 
6 Vermont, 1867, 56, par. 1; state license $1,000; each town license, $100 
for each day. Wisconsin, 1890, Ch. 52, par. 5. 
