Examination Fees. 
183 
cially that of pharmacist, annual licenses or certificates are re¬ 
quired to be obtained, or annual registrations to be made, at a 
a cost of one or two dollars. 1 Other pursuits for which some 
states prescribe state examinations are: veterinary surgeons, 
engineers, 2 plumbers, and teachers. 3 The lack of teachers in 
many parts of the country, which is felt even at present, has 
made any charges for teachers’ examinations inadvisable. There 
is, however, a tendency in a few states to charge special fees 
for life certificates; and, in some instances, an examination fee 
of one or two dollars is charged by the county examiner for an¬ 
nual certificates. 
The examinations in all these cases are usually conducted by 
an examining board, and the fees are as a rule required to be 
turned into a fund to be used for the maintenance of this board 
and other purposes. In cases where the examination is con¬ 
ducted by a salaried officer, as, for example, the county school 
superintendent, the fees are often used for a library, or institute 
fund, or some other similar educational purpose. 
The general drift of legislation seems to be to increase the 
number of pursuits for which examinations are required and to 
raise the standard of requirements. The civil service examina¬ 
tions bring up an entirely distinct category. No fees have as 
yet, so far as can be ascertained, been charged for the privilege 
of taking these examinations; but the probability is, that if 
they go on increasing in importance, a small fee will ultimately 
be collected from each candidate, as is the case in many Euro¬ 
pean countries at present. 
1 Col., 1893, p. 368; Conn., 1893, Ch. 298; Ill., Minn., Neb., etc. 
2 Ala., Id., Mich., Mont., etc. 
3 Colorado even requires an examination of horseshoers. 
Many cities have ordinances prescribing similar tests of different pro¬ 
fessions and pursuits. 
