246 
Urdahl—The Fee System in the United States. 
CHAPTER V.— continued. page. 
B. Colonial License Fees .— Evolution of license legislation.— 
Indian traders, tanners, peddlers, etc.— Evolution of liquor 
license fee in Massachusetts.— Methods of gauging the 
fee.— Licenses in other colonies. 101 
C. Colonial Regulation of Fees .— Regulation of ferries, toll- 
bridges, toll-roads.— One great reform: Compulsory publi¬ 
cation of fee bill.— Surveyors’fees very important.— Their 
regulation by law.— Attorneys’ fees subject to legislative 
enactment. 108 
D. Church and School Fees in the Colonies .— Church and 
state not completely separated.— Church fees for political 
as well as ecclesiastical duties.— Colonial schools supported 
in the same way.— Fees and higher educational institutions. 110 
E. Colonial Inspection Fees .— Causes, origin, and development 
of inspection legislation.— Purpose of the inspection.— To¬ 
bacco in the South.— Beef and pork in New York.— Pot and 
pearl-ashes in all the colonies, etc.— Significance of the fees. 113 
F. Miscellaneous Fees .— Pilot fees.—Harbor fees.—Assessors.— 
Tax collectors. 116 
G. Colonial Fees and Political Liberty .— English stamp 
taxes, levied under the guise of fees.— Struggles with colo¬ 
nial governors over fees of office.— Significance. 118 
H. General Characteristics of the Fee System in the Colo¬ 
nies . 121 
CHAPTER VI.—Fees in the Early Commonwealths (1787 to 
1830). 
A. General Tendencies .— State intervention and regulation by 
means of special laws.— No uniformity in the system of the 
several states or of the Federal government. 122 
B. Some Neiv License Fees. —Lotteries, peddlers, billiard tables, 
theaters, and others. 123 
C. Differentiation in Administrative Machinery .— Its influ¬ 
ence on the fee system.— Division of labor in public offices. 124 
D. Relative Importance of Some of the Early Fees .—Fence 
viewers’ fees, poundage fees, etc. 126 
E. Inspection Fees .— Inspection of exports: provisions, grain, 
lumber, bark, pitch, turpentine, lumber, spirits, etc.—In¬ 
spection of weights and measures.— General purpose of in¬ 
spection laws. 126 
