Table of Contents. 
247 
CHAPTER VI.— continued. page. 
F. Regulation by Means of Licenses.— Attorneys’ fees on ad¬ 
mission to the bar.— Physicians’ licenses.—’Licenses to auc¬ 
tioneers, pawnbrokers, retailers, victuallers, innkeepers, 
etc.— Amounts collected.—American liquor licenses, an 
American development. 128 
G. Road Tolls, etc. — Era of road, bridge, and canal building.— 
Regulation of tolls.—Result.—Ferry, bridge, and road 
licenses or franchises for which fees are charged. 130 
II. Tonnage Duties in the Nature of Fees . 132 
CHAPTER VII.— The Middle Period (1830 to 1865). 
A. General Considerations. — Industrial revolution in the New 
World.— Result.— Growth of towns in size and importance. 133 
B. License Regulations and Fees .— Increase in amount and 
number.— New standards of measurement: amount of stock, 
population of municipality, etc.— New pursuits requiring 
regulation and payment of license fee.— Variations in differ¬ 
ent states. 133 
C . Development in Inspection Fees. — A more elaborate sys¬ 
tem.— More complex schedules of fees.— State export in¬ 
spection more important than ever.— Sealers of weights and 
measures. 135 
D. New Inspection Fees. — Inspection of engines, steamboats, 
etc.— Causes. 136 
E. Later Fees as Compared with Earlier Fee Schedules .—- 
Apparent increase in size of fees.— Explanation.— Later 
fees in round numbers.— Causes. 137 
F. New Standards of Measurement. — “ Folio ” as defined by 
different legislatures.— Variation in different states.— Ped¬ 
dlers’ license fees. — Liquor and billiard table licenses. 138 
G. Incorporation Fees. — A survival of the ancient regalia.—■ 
Blackstone’s conception of the word franchise as compared 
with the modern significance.— Incorporation privileges and 
charters.— Increase in amount of fees charged for this priv¬ 
ilege.— Development of general incorporation laws.— Sig¬ 
nificance. 138 
CHAPTER VIII.— The Federal Fee System. 
A. Patent and Copyright Fees .— Development and changes in 
patent office fees.— Increase in the amount of the old and 
new fees introduced.— Copyright fees.— Changes. 141 
