426 
Lincoln—Electrical Conductivity. 
and others, considerable knowledge concerning the conductivity 
of alcoholic solutions has been gained. Raoult, 1 Beckmann, 2 
Woelfer, 3 Jones and King, 4 Salvador!, 5 and others from their 
boiling point determinations have likewise contributed a large 
number of facts that throw some light on the molecular condi¬ 
tion of substances dissolved in alcoholic solutions. 
Electrical conductivity determinations of many solutions of 
both organic and inorganic compounds in the following alcohols 
have been made: methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, iso¬ 
butyl, amyl, isoamyl, allyl, and benzyl. In most cases but few 
determinations have been made, and the conductivity is slight 
except in the case of the first three. In the methyl, ethyl, and 
propyl alcoholic solutions the value of fx approximates to, and 
in some cases exceeds, the value found in aqueous solutions; but 
in general it is much less. A few examples will illustrate this 
more fully. Lithium chloride in an aqueous solution gives a 
value of 95 for /aqo at 18° C.; while in propyl alcohol, in a vol¬ 
ume of about 3,000 liters, the value of /x at 15° is given as 
128.9. In fact, most of the values of fx in dilute solutions of 
propyl alcohol are, according to Schlamp, greater than the val¬ 
ues of fx oo in water. In methyl alcohol the value of /x for 
N(C 2 H 5 ) 4 I is 113.8, while in water it is only 104.2 ; for S(C 2 H 5 ) 3 X 
fx ao is 112.5, while in water it is 107.6; in the case of N(CH 3 ) 4 I 
the values of /xco in both solvents are virtually the same (115.3). 
According to the determinations in the other alcoholic solutions 
the values of /x do not even approximate those in aqueous solu¬ 
tions. 
In order to calculate the degree of electrolytic dissociation of 
the dissolved substance, it is necessary to know the value of 
jLtoo. In non-aqueous solutions this value is more difficult to ob¬ 
tain, owing to the high resistance of the solutions employed. 
In alcoholic solutions these values have been usually obtained 
1 Compt. rend., 107, 442; 1888; Ann. de chim. et phys., 6, 346; 1890 
2 Zeit. phys. Chem., 6, 437; 1890. 
3 Wied. Ann., 57, 91; 1896. 
4 Am. Chem. Jour., 19,753; 1897. 
6 Gazz. Chem. Ital., 26,1, 237; 1898. (Ref.) Jour. Chem. Soc., 70, ii, 
712; 1896. 
