542 
Libby—The Greenback Movement, 1876-8 
The value of the manufactures in these counties is very much 
less, as compared with the average, than in any case yet found, 
varying from one-eighth to one-half in all the states except 
Texas (where it is somewhat smaller), and Michigan (where it 
is slightly greater). In comparing the per capita value of farm 
produce of these counties with that of their state, it will be dis¬ 
covered that, while there is no uniformity in their relative 
values, in every case the average is greater than that for the 
per capita value of manufactures, except in the case of Mich¬ 
igan. The most decisive showing of all appears in the figures 
for the total valuation and the total value of manufactures and 
farm produce; in every state except Michigan, the G-reenback 
counties have a much lower relative value than the state. This 
is true, also, though in a less degree, for the value of farms per 
acre except in the states of Indiana and Texas. As in the other 
tables, the rent question is seen to be of little relative import¬ 
ance. The debt feature, as revealed in the mortgage values per 
acre, proves to be fully as important here as in 1880, with the 
exception of the counties in Indiana and Iowa. In all the states, 
the counties under consideration have a less complex economic 
life as seen from their low per capita tax and local debt. Thus 
the steadily persistent G-reenback counties have shown the same 
general characteristics as those in the groups for the election 
of 1880. 
The G-reenback movement, then, of 1876-84, has a two-fold 
character, and drew its support from two entirely distinct and 
separate regions. First, the bulk of the supporters of the party 
came from what may be termed the inland regions of the states, 
districts lacking in natural communications with the rest of the 
state, and, but for the railroads, commercially isolated from the 
outside world. The counties in these regions, whether studied 
as a mass, in groups of contigious counties, or considered for 
three consecutive elections, display certain well defined charac¬ 
teristics, which distinguish them from all others. Predomi¬ 
nantly agricultural in occupation and having a comparatively 
simple economic life, they were also poorer than the average 
county of their state and more heavily burdened with debt. 
Second, a less important, but none the less distinct Greenback 
