31 
“ it has less current in it, and is probably wider, and because 
“ when the sea-breeze blows hard, the currents are rapid in 
“ the great channel setting from east to west, and without ta- 
“ king a pilot it would be difficult if not dangerous to be en- 
“ tered by vessels of great draft of water.” 
“ Since the direction of the channels is from north to s'outh, 
“ we are of opinion that vessels can enter with the wind from 
“ north, north-east and the easterly and southerly monsoons, by 
“ keeping to the wind. The prevailing winds offer no difficulty 
“ with the same precaution, only attending to the currents, 
“ which, as before said, run with rapidity from the east to the 
“ west, and might cause vessels to be stranded. However, 
“ there are probably some periodical variations to the pheno- 
“ mena, which mariners would be the most competent to ap- 
“ preciate for their guidance.” 
“ The departure of vessels by both channels cannot of course 
“ take place with the above winds, but easily with those from 
“ the south and west, and off the land. The latter of which 
“ almost every day prevails, at least during the rainy season, 
“ from after midnight till eight or nine in the morning, when 
“ the sea-breezes commence; on which account vessels should 
“ proceed to sea after five o’clock a.m., until seven, but not 
“ later than eight, which is allowing sufficient time for vessels 
“ to be beyond the danger of drifting into the dangerous iron- 
“ bound bay which is formed by the ridge of San Martin, run- 
“ ning out to a promontory.” 
It is evident that all these difficulties, described by Sehor 
Ortiz for the entrance and exit of vessels, will completely 
disappear by stationing steamers at the mouth of the harbour. 
VII. 
The survey of Senor Orbegozo was made contemporaneously 
with that of Senor Ortiz, but he admits that he was in want 
of many things, and that on this account the results of his 
rapid examination must be defective under the unfavourable 
circumstances in which he was placed. 
The report of Senor Orbegozo commences like that of 
Senor Cramer with a description of the course of the Coatza- 
