BRACHIOPODA. 
21 
and its Carboniferous members have an expression so distinct from that of the 
normal Spirifer that many authors, among them Davidson and Waagen, have 
admitted McCoy’s term Reticularia with the value of a genus. With the 
evidence before us we are unable to accord this group a higher value than that 
assigned to the divisions of the Radiati, the Ostiolati and the Glabrati ; a line 
of development which to all appearances terminated with palaeozoic time. 
To this second division of the Fimbriati belong the following American 
species; S. Jimbriatus, Conrad, S. suhundiferus, Meek and Worthen, of the 
Hamilton group, S. hirtus. White and Whitfield, of the Choteau limestone, 
S. pseudoUneatus, Hall, of the Kinderhook and Keokuk groups, S. seiigerus, Hall, 
of the St. Louis and Chester groups, S. clarus, Swallow, of the Chester group, 
S. lineatus, Martin, and S. perplexus, McChesney, of the Coal Measures. 
IV. Aperturati. Typical examples, S. aperturatus, Schlotheim, S. disjunctus, 
Sowerby, S. striatus, Martin. 
(6) 1836. 
(a) 1839. 
(a) 1841. 
(a) 1842. 
(a) 1842. 
(a) 1843. 
(a) 1843. 
(b) 1852. 
(b) 1852. 
(b) 1852. 
(c) 1854. 
(e) 1854. 
(b) 1855. 
(6) 1856. 
(e) 1857. 
(e) 1857. 
(/) 1857. 
(a) 1858. 
(la) 1858. 
(&) 1858. 
(5) 1858. 
Spirifer, Morton. American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xxix, p. 150, pi. ii, fig. 3. 
DeWiyris, Conrad. Geol. Survey N. Y. ; Pal. Dejit. ; Third Ann. Kept., p. 65. 
BeWiyris, Conrad. Geol. Survey N. Y., Pal. Dept. ; Fifth Ann. Kept., xi. 54. 
Delthyris, Conrad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. viii, p. 263. 
DeWiyris, Vanuxeji. Geology of N. Y. ; Rejit. Third Dist., j). 179, fig. 3; 123, fig. 1; 
ji. 124, fig. 5. 
Delthyris, Hall. Geology of N. Y. ; Rei)t. Fourth Dist., .269, ,270, figs. 1-4 ; p. 148, 
fig. 1. 
DeWiyris, Mather. Geology of N. Y. ; Rept. First Dist., ji. 342, fig. 1. 
Spirifer, Owen. Geol. Survey Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, ji. 586, jil. v, tig. 6. 
Spirifer, F. Roemer. Kreidebildung von Texas, ji. 88, jil. xi, fig. 7. 
Spirifer, Hall. Stansbnry’s Expl. Great Salt Lake, ji. 410, ifi. iv, fig. 5. 
Spirifer, Norwood and Pratten. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadeliihia, second ser., vol. iii, 
ji. 73, pi. ix, figs. 3a-e. 
Spirifer, Norwood and Pratten. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiladeliJiia, second ser., vol. iii, 
p. 72, pi. ix, figs. 2 a-e. 
Spirifei-, Shdmard. Rept. Geol. Survey Missouri, p. 203, jil. c, fig. 8. 
Spirifer, Hall. Exid. and Survey for R. R. Route fi-om Missouri to the Pacific, vol. iii, 
ji. 102, id. ii, figs. 9, 12. 
Spirifer, Hall. Ti'ansactions of the Albany Institute, vol. iv, p. 8. 
Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 127. 
Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 133. 
Spii'ifei’, Hall. Geol. Survey Iowa, p. 502, pi. iv, fig. 2. 
Spirifer, Hall. Geol. Survey Iowa, p. 501, pi. iv, figs. 1 a-k. 
Spirifer, Hall. Geol. Survey Iowa, vol. 1, pt. ii, p. 647, pi. xx, fig. 7 ; pi. xxi, figs. 1, 2 ; 
p. 604, pi. xiv, figs. 1-5 ; p. 641, pi. xx, fig. 1; p. 501, pi. vi, fig. 1; p. 709, 
pi. xxviii, fig. 2. 
Spirifer, Marcou. Geology of North America, p. 49, pi. vii, fig. 2. 
