132 
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 
beginning at the beak. Figures 114, 115 show the cross-section of the 
broad, stout hinge-plate, its convex central area and its elevated crural 
bases; in figure 115 is a faint indication of the median ridge in the upper 
or pedicle-valve. In figure 116 the crural bases are apparently merged 
with the socket walls, the hinge-plate has become depressed, and its median 
Fig. 118. Fig. 119. 
Figs. lU-119. Consecutive transverse sections of Anoplotheca {Bifida) lepida, Goldfuss. (c.) 
Fig. 114. Section just below apex of pedicle-valve ; showing the teeth and the form of the hinge-plate or cardinal 
process. 
Fig. 115. Section a little further forward; showing the elevation of the socket walls and the beginning of the 
median septum in both valves. 
Fig. 116. Section at anterior edge of hinge-plate. 
Fig. 117. Section cutting the posterior volutions of the spirals; showing the height of the septum in the brachial 
valve and the thickened median ridge in the pedicle-valve. 
Fig. 118. Section through the loop ; showing its lateral branches and a portion of its erect, simple stem, and also the 
grooved surface of the median ridge in the pedicle-valve. 
Fig. 119. Section along the stem of the loop and slightly back of the junction of the lateral branches; showing 
the articulation of the stem with the grooved ridge of the upper valve, and the height of the median 
septum supporting the loop. Figs. 111-118 are from the same specimen ; fig. 119 from another ex¬ 
ample. 
elevation has taken the form of a low septum; in fig. 117 the median septum 
of the brachial valve is very prominent, the median ridge of the opposite 
valve undivided, and the lamellae of the first volution of the coils and the 
stem of the loop are shown. This figure shows the manner in which the 
loop is supported by the median septum; also a portion of the vertical 
stem of the loop, and the grooving of the median ridge in the pedicle-valve ; 
and in fig. 119 the stem of the loop is seen to be produced to the inner 
surface of the pedicle-valve and its apex fitted into the groove of the median 
