138 
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 
in the cordilleras of Bolivia; and Ulrich has cited a large list of additional 
localities which indicate its general and abundant occurrence in that country. 
It has not been reported in the rich lower and middle Devonian faunas of the 
Amazonas, but occurs at Ponta Grossa, Brazil. Salter identified it as Orthis 
palmata among some palaeozoic fossils from South Africa, and Ulrich suggests 
that a similar shell from the Cape, referred to by Murchison* and subsequently 
by DE VERNEUiLf as Orthis callactis, is probably this species. 
Of the three species so intimately associated in the Bolivian Devonian, 
Leptoccalia Jiabellites, Vitulina pustulosa, and Tropidoleptus carinatus, the last is 
the only one which occurs in European or Asian faunas; all occur in South 
Africa in faunas which are probably of lower Devonian age. In North 
America, this association is broken, and Leptoccelia disappears with the early 
Devonian; Tropidoleptus and Vitulina appearing only with the introduction 
of the Hamilton fauna. 
Genus VITULINA,^ Hall. I860. 
SUPPLEMENTARY PLATE. 
1860. Vitulina, Hall. Thirteenth Kept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 72, figs. 1,2; p. 82. 
1862. Vitulina, Hall. Fifteenth Kept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 187. 
1867. Vitulma, Hall. Palaeontology of New Yoi'k, vol. iv, pp. 409-411, pi. Ixii, figs. 1, a-i. 
1874. Vitulina, Rathbdn. Ball. Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, vol. i, p. 255, pi. ix. 
1876. Vitulina, Derby. Bull. Museum Harvard College, vol. iii. No. 12, p. 282. 
1881. Vitulina, Rathbun. Proc. Boston Society of Natural History, vol. xx, p. 36. 
1890. Vitulina, Derby. Archives do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, vol. ix, p. 76. 
1891. Vitulina, Ulrich. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, etc., p. 273. 
1892. Vitulina, Ulrich. Neues Jahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, etc., Beilageband iii, p. 71, pi. iv, figs. 
26-29. 
The nature of the widely distributed little species Vitulina pustulosa. Hall, 
has never been fully understood. When the generic characters were first 
described their similarities to both Leptoccelia and Tropidoleptus were sug¬ 
gested, but these were not reiterated with the more detailed description and 
* Silurian System, p. 701. 
t Bull. Society G6ol. France, vol xi, p. 166. 1840. 
I This name is said by Dall to have been employed by Swainson in 1840 for a genus of Gastropoda, 
but it does not appear in the later conchological manuals. See Dall, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 8, p. 75. 
This is possibly in error for Vitularia, Swainson. 1840. 
