BRACHIOPODA. 
175 
their structure is indicated, among other things, by their possessing, through¬ 
out the existence of the individual, a condition of the loop which was but an 
immature phase in Atrypa. 
The mode of attachment of the crura to the primary lamellae has not 
before been fully described, though the figures given by Whitfield and 
Quensteut approach the truth most nearly. Among the illustrations of the 
genus is one (Plate LIV, fig. ] 7) showing a malformation or hypertrophy of 
one of the crura, which had become detached from the hinge-plate during 
the life of the animal. The effort to renew the connection was not success¬ 
ful, but resulted in an extravasation of testaceous matter about the broken 
extremity; such, in fact, as has taken place about the disconnected extremities 
of the loop. 
Subgenus GRUENEWALDTIA, Tschernyschew. 1885. 
PLATE Lll. 
This name has been proposed * for the species Terehraiula latilinguis, Schnur,f 
originally described from the middle Devonian at Gerolstein. This species was 
Fig. 154. Fig. 155. 
Spirals of Gruenewaldtia latilinguis , Schnur. In lig. 155, the pedicle valve is the lower and the two median dots 
represent sections of the primary lamellaj. (Tschernyschew.) 
considered by Kayser as a variety of Atrypa reticularis.X The Russian speci¬ 
mens have the pedicle-valve very convex, the relative convexity of the valve 
in A. reticularis being reversed in this species. From the description and 
figures given by Tschernyschew, the spiral cones have their bases lying against 
* Die Fauna des Unteren Devon am West-abhange des Urals, jip. 46, 89, pi. vi, figs. 75-77. 
t Zusammenstellung and Besclireibung sammtlicher im Uebergangsgebii-ge der Eifel vorkommenden 
Brachiopoden, p. 188, pi. xxv, fig 1, 1853. 
J Zeitschr. der deutsch. geol. Gesellsch., vol. xxiii, p. 545. 1871. 
