PLATE LXXXIV—Continued. 
TORYNIFER, gen. nov. 
Torynifek CRITICUS, sp. IIOV. 
Figs. 34, 35. A fragment of a pedicle-valve, with well defined cardinal area, prominent teeth, convergent 
dental lamella; forming a distinct spondylium supported by a median septum. Nothing 
further is known of this peculiar shell. Its general relations are probably less athyroid than 
orthoid. X 2. 
Though but this fragment is known, it bears the critical structure which separates it from other 
genera, and may hence as well receive a distinctive designation now as hereafter, when its 
other characters shall have been determined. 
St. Louis group. La Rue, Kentucky. 
Spirifer (cf.) HiRTUS, White and Whitfield. 
See Plate 46. 
Fig. 36. A pedicle-valve, showing the compound spines at the concentric growth-lines. 
Fig. 37. A portion of the same specimen enlarged, to show more distinctly the character of these spines. 
Waverly groui"). Richfit^Id, Ohio. 
Nucleospira concinna, Hall. 
See Plate 48. 
Fig. 38. Posterior cardinal view of the brachial valve ; showing the elevation and curvature of the cardinal 
process. X 3. 
Hamilton group. Clarke county, Indiana 
Nucleospira ventricosa, Hall. 
See Plate 48. 
Fig. 39. View of the cardinal process. X 13. 
Fig. 40. The same specimen projected backward to show the elevation of the crural bases. 
Lower Helderberg group. RchohaHe, New York. 
Cyrtina neogenes, sp. nov. 
Fi". 41. The pedicle-valve of a very transverse SpiKiFEKtNA-like species, broken so as to show the median 
septum supporting convergent dental plates. 
Chert of the Burlington limestone. Burlington, Iowa. 
It is imj>ortant to observe that this shell, with the external aspect of Spihiferina and the interior 
structure of Cvstina, is the palaeozoic precursor of numerous Triassic species passing under the 
name of Spikiperina, though assuredly not of that genus. 
Camarella Volborthi, Billings. 
See Plate-. 
Fio-. 42. A fragment of the umbonal portion of the shell, showing the spondylium of the pedicle-valve and 
the lateral walls of that of the brachial valve. X 3. 
Black River limestone. Fauquette’s Rapids, Caiuida. 
An ASTRO PHI A Verneuili, Hall. 
See Plate -. 
Ldg. 43. Cardinal view of a normal example, represented with the pedicle-valve above. 
Fig. 44. The interior of a brachial valve ; showing the spondylium and adductor scars. 
Lower Helderberg group. Albany county. New York. 
Camarophoria ringens, Swallow. 
Fig. 45. Cardinal view of an internal cast of conjoined valves, retaining the fine radial surface striae. 
Burlington limestone. Louisiana, Missouri. 
BaRRANDELLA VENTRICOSA, Hall. 
See Plate -. 
Fig. 46. An internal cast of a pedicle-valve ; showing divergent muscular or vascular ridges. 
Niagara dolomites. Southern Wisconsin. 
