BRACHIOPODA. 
198 
LIORHYNCHUS, Hall. 1860. 
PLATE LIX. 
1842, Of'this, Atrypa, Vanuxbm. Geology of N. Y.; Kept. Third Dist., ji. 146, fig. 3 ; p. 168, fig. 2 ; 
p. 182, fig. 2. 
1843. Atrypa, Hall. Geology of N. Y.; Kept. Fourth Dist., p. 182, fig. 11; p. 223, fig. 2, Tables of 
Organic Remains, No. 67, fig. 1. 
1855. RTiynchonella, Shumakd. Kept. Geol. Surv. Missouri, p. 205. 
1860. LeiorTiynchus, Hall. Thirteenth Ann. Kept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., pp. 75, 85, 86, 
figs, la, 5. 
1860. Rhynchonella ? Billings. Canadian Journal, vol. v, p. 273, figs. 26-28. 
1863. Rhynchonella? Billings. Geology of Canada, p. 384, figs. 418a-c. 
1866. Leiorhynchus, A. Winchell. Kept. Lower Peninsula of Michigan, p. 95. 
1867. Leiorhynchus, Hall. Palieontology of N. Y., vol. iv, pp. 355-364, pi. Ivi, figs. 1-49 ; pi. Ivii, 
figs. 1-29. 
1868. Rhynchonella, Meek. Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., vol. i, p. 93, pi. xiii, figs. 9a-e. 
1873. Leiorhynchus, Hall and Whitfield. Twenty-third Ann. Kept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., 
p. 240, pi. xi, figs. 25-27. 
1874. Leiorhynchus, Nicholson. Geological Magazine, new ser., vol. i, p. 120. 
1884. Rhynchonella, Leiorhynchus, Walcott. Monogr. U. S. Geolog. Survey, vol. viii, p. 153, pi. xv, 
figs. 1-4 ; pp. 157-159, pi. xix, figs. 5, 9. 
1885. Leioi-hynchus, Clarke. Bull. U. S. Geolog. Surv., No. 16, pp. 24, 31, 33, 68, pi. iii, fig. 14. 
1886. Rhynchonella, Ulrich. Contributions to American Palaeontology, p. 26. 
1887. Liorhynchus, CEhlert. Fischer’s Manuel de Conchyliologie, p. 1308. 
During the period of the predominance of the foregoing species of Camarot®- 
CHIA in the middle Devonian, certain shells, not essentially varying from them 
in internal structure, assumed a peculiar exterior expression, the fold and sinus 
becoming strongly plicated, while the lateral slopes are covered with low, faint 
or obsolescent duplicating ribs; umbones smooth; substance of the shell very 
thin. To this group the term Liorhynchus"^ was applied in 1860, and the typical 
species is the Orthis quadricostata, Vanuxem, of the Hamilton faunas. 
These shells constitute an interesting lateral line of development which was 
continued from the later Devonian into the early faunas of the Carboniferous, 
where it probably outlived its parental type. The species of the middle Devo¬ 
nian seem to have flourished most abundantly in the bituminous sediments of 
the Hamilton series. Thus in the Marcellus shales and limestones, shells of 
* Thirteenth Report New Yoi'k State Cabinet of Natural History, p. 75. The original spelling of this 
term was Leiorhynchus ; as above given its orthography is probably less open to objection. The term is 
retained for these fossils, although the word was earlier in use for a recent genus of Vh'7nes (according to 
Agassiz), or Coleoptera (according to Dall). What its value may be in this latter use we are not informed, 
but at all events there is little danger of any confusion of intent in its application to groups so remotely 
connected. 
