282 
PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 
Genus STRINGOCEPHALUS, Defrance. 1827. 
(emend. Sandberger. 1842.) 
1827. Strygocephalux, Defrance. Diction, des Sciences Nat., vol. li, p. 102, Atlas pi. Ixxv, figs. 1, la. 
1827. Terebratula, Sowerby. Mineral Conchology, x^l- cllxxvi, fig. 1. 
1831. Ttrehratula, von Buck. Ueber Terebi-ateln, ji. 117. 
1839. Strigoceplialus, Sowerby. Ti-ans. Geol. Soc. London, vol. v, second sei-., iil. Ivi, figs. 10, 11. 
1840. Strygocephalus, D’Arciiiac and de Vbrneuil. Trans. Geol. Soc. London, vol. vi, 2 sei-., ji. 393. 
1841. Strigoceplialus, Phillips. Palaeoz. Foss. Cornwall, Devon and West Somerset, p. 79, fig. 141. 
1842. Stringocephalus, Sandberger. Leonhard und Bronn’s Jahrbuch, ji. 386. 
1850. Stringocephalus, F. Roemer. Beitr. zur Kenntn. des nordw. Harzgeb., ji. 24, xil. x, fig. 2. 
1852. Uncites, McCoy. British Palseoz. Foss., x'- 380, id. iiA, fig. 6. 
1853. Stringoceptialus, Schnur. Beschreib. Eifel. Brachio[>oden, x>- 195> pl- xxviii, fig. 5; xfi- xxix, 
fig. 1; x^l- xxxi, fig. 1. 
1850. Sirigocephahts, King. Permian Fossils, p. 70, id. xix, fig. 1. 
1853. Stringocephalus, Sdess. Verh. der zool. bot. Vereins zu Wien, vol. iii. 
1855. Stringocephalus, The Sandbergers. Verst, des rhein. Schicht. Syst. in Nassau, x>- 307, x>l- xxxi, 
fig. 4 a-d. 
1856. Stringocephalus, Davidson. Intioduction Brit. Brachiopoda, p. 73, x>l» vii, fig. 98. 
1856. Stringocephalus, Sdess. Class, der Brach. von Th. Davidson, ii. 62, xiL i» tig- 16. 
1864. Stringocephalus, Davidson. Brit. Devon. Brachioxioda, xi- H. x^^- L 18-22; pi. ii, figs. 1-11. 
1871. Strigoceplialus, Quenstbdt. Brachioxioden, xi- 234, xil. xliii, figs. 56-75 ; x^- xliv, figs. 1-8. 
1871. Stringocephalus, Kayser. Zeitschr. der deutsch. geolog. Gesellsch., vol. xxiii, xiL di. 
1891. Stringocephalus, Whitbaves. Contrib. Canad. Palseont., vol. i. No. 5, x^- 235, xih xxix, figs. 10, 
10a, 11, 11 a. 
Shell varying in outline from transverse to elongate-oval, biconvex; the 
brachial valve being somewhat the deeper; the greater convexity is in the 
umbonal region, giving to the brachial valve a high-shouldered appearance. 
On the pedicle-valve the beak is somewhat narrow, its apex being abruptly 
attenuate, acute and often greatly incurved. From beneath the beak diverge 
two sharp ridges extending to the extremities of the hinge and delimiting the 
broad cardinal excavations which seem to constitute a true cardinal area. The 
delthyrium is broad and triangular; in young shells it may be wholly open or 
incompletely closed by the imperfectly developed deltidial plates, while at 
maturity it is closed with the exception of a circular foramen, and in old shells 
the deltidial plates are anchylosed, forming a single plate which becomes 
incurved, and the foraminal passage is thus obscured, and may take the form 
of a tube or sheath prolonged into the umbonal cavity. 
On the interior the teeth are short, free and curved upward at their extrem¬ 
ities. In the middle of the valve is a vertical longitudinal septum, which 
