Indian Forest Records. [Vol. Vlll 
It is thus necessary to add 20 years to the time calculated 
from the rate of growth of seedlings, in order to obtain the 
period necessary for a full stock of seedlings of any particular 
size exceeding a height of 30 inches. Thus, for seedlings 5 
feet high, 40 (accepting the annual height increment of 
1*5 inches calculated as shown in the last sub-paragraph) 
+20=60 years will be required and for seedlings 3| feet 
high -f- 20=48 years will be required. 
Summary of Results. 
24. The details given above are summarized below :— 
(1) By sowing in a cleared patch, the diameter of the patch being 
60 feet and somewhat less than the height of the surrounding 
trees, vigorous sal seedlings averaging 55 inches high have 
been established in 5^ years, with 31 per cent, of plants 
surviving at the end of the period (calculated on the 
number of seeds sown), see para. 22. 
(2) Similar sowings carried out simultaneously under the shade of 
the adjacent forest have resulted in only 8 per cent, of 
survivals with an average height of 10 inches, see para. 22. 
(3) From measurements of the seedlings of known age produced in 
the open and in the shade, respectively, and from a consider¬ 
ation of the dimensions of naturally established plants, it is 
estimated that a full stock of seedlings 5 feet high can be 
produced by artificial sowings in a cleared patch in 6 years, 
whereas, by natural regeneration in the shade, a period of not 
less than 60 years is required to produce a similar stock of 
seedlings of the same height, even when germination is 
assisted by clearing the dead leaves from the surface soil 
and when a good supply of seed is annually available, see 
para. 23 (6) (9) (10). 
(4) The greatly superior results obtained in the cleared patch are 
mainly due to two factors :— 
(a) Improved soil-aeration and consequently stronger root-growth 
during the rains, owing to the partial drying out of the 
soil during the intervals of hot sunshine. 
(b) Moister soil, owing to dew and light showers, during the cold 
and dry season which reduces the danger of damage from 
drought, see para. 23 (3) (4). 
(5) In years of short rainfall, side shade on the south in the cleared 
patches is beneficial, but in years of normally heavy rainfall 
side shade on the south is injurious, see para. 23 (1) (2). 
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