16 
Indian Forest Records. 
[Vol. VIII. 
11(a) Northern Shan States. ‘ 
The working-plan for the Bawgyo Working Circle 1914-15 to 1943-44 
notes that “ Messrs, the B. B. T. Co., Ltd., report that almost all trees 
(including even saplings) are attacked by larvae.of 
Duomitus ceramicus. The writer has seen logs from these reserves 
both at Rangoon and in the forest; the percentage showing “ beeholes ” 
is undoubtedly high ; and even of those which in the round show little 
sign of attack many are found in the saw-mill to be riddled with larval 
passages. Attacks by the larvae of this moth are usual wherever the 
percentage of teak is unusually high ; but in these forests the pest is 
probably aggravated as a result of the illusage to which the teak has 
been subjected.” .. ‘‘The attacks of this insect 
seem to have been worst in the reserves south of Hsipaw,” [i.e., Tong- 
long, Pangsha, Tunpye, and Tawnghke ] while as far as present appear¬ 
ances go the logs extracted from the Namtu reserve are free from it. 
If this turns out to be the case, it is possible that protection and the 
removal of unsound trees may help to eradicate the pest as the area 
where it is worst, viz., the Tonglong has received the worst treatment 
in the past while the Namtu has suffered least.” 
The B. B. T. C. [Dec., 1913] recorded the presence of the borer in 
abundance to the east, north-east and south-east of Hsipaw, [i.e., 
Namtu and Namma Reserves] near Bawgyo, in the Baw Reserve, and 
in a slight degree in forests of low elevation south-east of Maymyo. 
The Namma forest is cited as “ a typical borer infested area.” It 
is further remarked that “ the type of forest most attacked by the borer 
appears to be deciduous forest areas with a rockey laterite or sandy 
soil and it is also interesting that in forests mostly attacked by the 
borer the undergiowth is generally long grass.” In 1919, Mr. W. C. 
Moore, B. B. T. C., writes “ of all the forests I have worked in during 
my 30 years in Burma, the Pyaungshu Forest is far and away the worst 
as regards the bee-hole borer. I was in the Pyaungshu Forest from 
1899-1907, and during the wdiole of that period, the areas above men¬ 
tioned were swept annually by forest fires.” 
In 1914, the Forest Zoologist worked through natural forest in the 
Namtu and Namyan valleys in the neighbourhood of Hsipaw, and found 
the borer relatively abundant. A sample plot taken in pure 
evenaged teak annually fired and near villages, in the Namma Reserve 
gave the following data :— 
(a) Trees without external signs of attack . 54 per cent. 
(b) Trees with old open holes or scars . .22 ,, 
(c) Trees with fresh holes of the current season 24 „ 
[ 244 ] 
