Part V.j Simonses: Essential Oil from leaves of u Abies Pindrow.” 3 
Fraction I. 
This fraction after distillation over sodium bad tbe following cons¬ 
tants :—D|{}o 0-8516, N 3 p° 1*4634, [«< ] 3 5°+4-0°. It evidently consisted 
of d- «< -pinene. The presence of this hydrocarbon was confirmed by 
the preparation of the nitrosochloride which melted at 111-112° and 
gave on treatment with piperidine the nitrol-piperide melting at 118- 
119°. 
Fractions II and III. 
These two fractions were found to be a mixture of «< -and (3-pinene 
since on treatment with amyl nitrite a good yield of pinene nitroso¬ 
chloride was obtained whilst on oxidation with potassium permanganate 
in alkaline solution nopinic acid was formed. 
Fraction IV. 
This fraction consisted apparently of nearly pure 1-p-pinene. It 
only gave a very small yield of «<»pinene nitrosochloride and when 
oxidised with alkaline potassium permanganate an excellent yield of 
nopinic acid melting at 128° was obtained. The identity of this acid 
was confirmed by conversion into nopinone in the usual manner. The 
1-p-pinene, after distillation over sodium, had the following constants:— 
Df§o° 0-8508, N 3 £° 1-4655, [«p/—14-75°. Camphene was found to 
be absent from this and the previous fractions of the oil. 
Fraction V. 
This fraction was repeatedly refractionated and ultimately a frac¬ 
tion was obtained which boiled fairly constantly at 165-175°/700mm. 
After distillation over sodium it boiled at 167-171°/700mm. and had 
the following constants:—D| q° 0-8455, N 3 D °° 14682, [«K] 3 d°— 62-83°. 
The boiling point and the constants indicated the presence of 1-limonene 
and the presence of this hydrocarbon was proved by the preparation 
of the characteristic tetrabromide which after crystallisation from 
ethyl acetate melted at 103-104°. The identity of this tetrabromide 
was established by admixture with an equal quantity of d-limonene 
tetrabromide when dipentene tetrabromide was obtained, which melted 
at 123-124°. The presence of 1-limonene was also confirmed by the 
preparation of the < -nitrosochloride melting at 103-104° and the (3- 
nitrosochloride melting at 100°. On treatment of the (3-nitrosochloride 
with piperidine the nitrol-piperide was prepared which was separated 
[ 370 ] 
