8 
Indian Forest Records. 
[Yol. iv. 
As regards the fractions of the American oil, the opinion of Dr. 
R. S. Morrell, M.A., Ph.D., who regards fractional distillation of 
the turpentine oil as its chief test, may be quoted here:—From 
several years’ experience in the examination of American turpen¬ 
tine oil, I rely chiefly on the behaviour of the oil on fractional 
distillation. Using a Young’s 12-bulb dephlegm ator, a good 
American turpentine gives about 90 per cent, distilling over be¬ 
tween 155° and 165° C. The variation‘in the behaviour of high 
class American turpentine on fractional distillation is very small 
from year to year. Any alteration in the colour and smell of the 
turpentine is accompanied by a change in the quantity and quality 
of the fractions.”'—( Journ . Soc. Chem. Ind., No. 5, Yol. XXIX, 
page 241.) 
Some of the more important properties of the principal turpen¬ 
tine oils are given below: — 
American oil of turpentine. —The specific gravity of the crude 
oil lies between 0'865 and 0'870. Freshly distilled oil is mostly 
lighter than the crude or the old oil. On fractional distillation 85 
per cent, passes over between 155°—163° C. For solution crude 
American oil requires 5 parts and the rectified American oil 5—6 
parts of 90 per cent, alcohol. 
French oil of turpentine .—Specific gravity varies from 0’859 to 
0*876, but generally the limit is 0*865—0*876. In all other pro¬ 
perties it agrees with the American oil. Crude French oil requires 
7 and rectified oil 6.5—7 parts of 90 per cent, alcohol to give a clear 
solution. 
Austrian turpentine oil .—Specific gravity = 0*866 ; it is soluble 
in 8—6 parts of 90 per cent, alcohol. On fractional distillation, it 
gives the following fractions: — 
159° C. . 
159°—160° Ci 
160°—167° C. 
Residue 
21 per cent. 
56 „ 
18 „ 
Venetian turpentine oil .—Specific gravity = 0*878. Upon frac¬ 
tional distillation, the oil distils over between 155° and 190° C., the 
larger portion going at 157° C. 
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