Part I.} Puran Singh : Turpentine Oil and Indian Rosin. 13 
of the fraction above 172° C. The same thoroughly rectified by 
redistillation had only 5 per cent, of this fraction. The oil made 
“ extra fine ” by redistilling it three times distilled completely 
below 172° C. 
The defect of the oil leaving a greasy residue on evaporation 
is partially due to the presence of sylvestrene and mainly to that 
of the heavy turps boiling above 170° C. It will be seen that this 
defect is capable of being remedied by subjecting the oil to the 
usual process of rectification, which has not generally been resorted 
to in the forest distilleries. 
It has also been noticed that the excess of the high boiling 
terpene is due to the high temperature obtained in water distilla¬ 
tion. The crude oil, distilled at about 100° C. as detailed in 
Chapter V, gave an oil 90—96 per cent, of which passed below 
167° C. A very pure oil was obtained by one rectification of this 
oil. If the redistillation were to be pushed further an oil extremely 
rich in light terpenes could be obtained, but the cost of refining 
it to that extent would be prohibitive on a commercial scale. 
The water distilled oil rectified by redistilling it twice, the 
crude oil distilled through methylated spirits and the latter redis¬ 
tilled once were kept in stoppered bottles in the laboratory for a 
year and a half. The first became very yellow depositing a thick 
yellow resinous matter at the bottom, the second became slightly 
pale depositing a trace of slightly yellow resin, and the third 
showed no change in colour and deposited no sediment. The 
behaviour of these three oils evidently shows the superiority of the 
oil distilled at a low temperature to that distilled with water at a 
high temperature, though both were inferior to the redistilled 
spirit-distilled oil in that they deposited a resinous sediment. 
In conclusion, according to the various results of fractional 
distillations recorded in this Note, it may be stated that an oil 
containing a high percentage of low boiling terpenes can be dis¬ 
tilled from the resin of Pinus longifolia if distillation is carried on 
slowly and at a low temperature, say. the contents of the still to be 
at 100° C. This oil, as it will be evident from commercial opinions 
cited in Chapter V, judged as a material for varnish-making and 
for use in paints, etc., is nearly equal to the imported oils in the 
Indian market. 
[ 13 ] 
