52 
Indian Forest Records. 
[VOL. IV. 
From the above table it is clear that the redistilled Bhowali oil 
is good for all practical purposes, and Bhowali “ extra fine ’ is quite 
as good in all respects as the American oil as imported to this 
country in its application in the paint and varnish industries. 
(iii) General Results reported in the year 1908. 
The principal results obtained in the course of the experiments 
detailed above may briefly be stated as follows: — 
(1) The method of turpentine distillation as carried out at 
present at Bhowali and Kalsi is in no way defective 
in itself'and‘ if carried out carefully can yield com¬ 
mercial turpentine oil as good as steam distilled oil. 
(2) It lias been shown that the Indian turpentine as dis¬ 
tilled at present at Bhowali and Kalsi contains a 
greater amount of high boiling terpenes than the 
American and French oils. The crude oil has about 
35 per cent, of these high boiling constituents. This 
fact accounts for the low drying quality of the Indian 
turpentine as compared with the best imported oils. 
(3) The low drying quality of the Indian oil as distilled at 
present may also possibly be due to the presence of the 
decomposition products of colophony which may have 
been introduced into the oil towards the later stages 
of the distillation. It is possible that the high tem¬ 
perature which obtains in the still at certain stages 
permits the entry of traces of colophony itself into the 
distillate. 
(4) The above-mentioned defect of the Indian oil is easily 
remediable, otherwise the present methjod of water dis¬ 
tillation would have of necessity to be given up for 
steam distillation and subsequent rectification. It has 
been found that simple redistillation of the present oil 
effects a great improvement in its quality. The best 
oil is produced if 20 per cent, of the total crude oil on 
redistillation is eliminated. But from a commercial 
standpoint Mr. Clutter buck thought it unnecessary 
to redistil the whole of the oil. According to his plan 
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